Beyer J E, Levin C R
Nurs Clin North Am. 1987 Sep;22(3):661-76.
Increased interest in the topic of pain has resulted in pharmacologic advances that provide new possibilities for pain relief in children. It has also resulted in new nonpharmacologic therapies that are now being used more frequently with children. It is hoped that these advances will continue so that health care providers will have a larger repertoire of pain control methods effective with children, and so that the traumatic aspects of hospitalization and health care can be reduced greatly. The pain experienced by children has heretofore been on the backroads of scientific and scholarly development. As a result, we actually know very little about pediatric pain, its measurement, and its treatment. The literature and research cited previously are strikingly limited for providing a base of knowledge to guide clinical practice. We avoided a "cookbook" approach to the discussion on pain control, because there are many of those available. Instead, we presented a summary of the research that is currently available in the attempt to help nurses better recognize the limitations in what we know with certainty about this important topic. We hope that this knowledge will spur readers to examine their own beliefs and knowledge, question former assumptions about pediatric pain, and promote a more inquiring approach to assessment and management of children's pain. Pain is a multidisciplinary problem. Although health care providers from the various disciplines each approach the pain problem from different angles, each approach has its place in the overall picture of solving the problems of pediatric pain control. Nurses have been and will continue to be a vital part of clinical and scientific advancements to move pediatric pain out of the realm of mystery and into the realm of the known.
对疼痛话题兴趣的增加带来了药理学进展，为儿童疼痛缓解提供了新的可能性。这也催生了新的非药物疗法，目前这些疗法在儿童中使用得更为频繁。人们希望这些进展能够持续下去，以便医疗保健提供者能有更多对儿童有效的疼痛控制方法，从而能大幅减少住院和医疗保健过程中的创伤因素。此前，儿童经历的疼痛一直处于科学和学术发展的边缘地带。因此，我们实际上对儿科疼痛、其测量方法及其治疗知之甚少。前面引用的文献和研究在为指导临床实践提供知识基础方面极为有限。我们避免采用“菜谱式”方法来讨论疼痛控制，因为这类方法已经很多了。相反，我们对现有研究进行了总结，试图帮助护士更好地认识到在这个重要话题上我们确定已知内容的局限性。我们希望这些知识能促使读者审视自己的信念和知识，质疑以前对儿科疼痛的假设，并促进对儿童疼痛评估和管理采取更具探究性的方法。疼痛是一个多学科问题。尽管来自各个学科的医疗保健提供者处理疼痛问题的角度各不相同，但每种方法在解决儿科疼痛控制问题的整体图景中都有其作用。护士一直是且将继续是推动儿科疼痛从神秘领域进入已知领域的临床和科学进步的重要组成部分。
