Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 124 Hoy Road, 355 Upson Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2020 Dec;18(6):677-683. doi: 10.1007/s11914-020-00627-x. Epub 2020 Oct 8.
Osteoporosis is commonly diagnosed through the clinical assessment of bone quantity using bone mineral density; however, the primary clinical concern is bone fragility. Bone fragility is determined by both bone quantity and bone quality. Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has emerged as a factor that can regulate diseases throughout the body. This review discusses how microbial organisms and their genetic products that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract influence bone quantity, bone quality, and bone strength.
Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome regulates bone loss during estrogen depletion and glucocorticoid treatment. A series of studies has also shown that the gut microbiome influences whole bone strength by modifying bone tissue quality. The possible links between the gut microbiome and bone tissue quality are discussed focusing on the effects of microbiome-derived vitamin K. We provide a brief introduction to the gut microbiome and how modifications to the gut microbiome may lead to changes in bone. The gut microbiome is a promising target for new therapeutic approaches that address bone quality in ways not possible with current interventions.
骨质疏松症通常通过骨密度的临床评估来诊断，但其主要临床关注点是骨脆性。骨脆性既取决于骨量又取决于骨质量。在过去的十年中，肠道微生物组已成为可以调节全身疾病的一个因素。本篇综述讨论了居住在胃肠道中的微生物和其遗传产物如何影响骨量、骨质量和骨强度。
最近的研究表明，肠道微生物组可调节雌激素缺乏和糖皮质激素治疗期间的骨质流失。一系列研究还表明，肠道微生物组通过改变骨组织质量来影响整体骨强度。本文讨论了肠道微生物组与骨组织质量之间可能存在的联系，重点介绍了微生物组衍生的维生素 K 的作用。我们简要介绍了肠道微生物组以及肠道微生物组的改变如何导致骨的变化。肠道微生物组是一种很有前途的治疗靶点，可以通过目前的干预措施无法实现的方式来改善骨质量。
