Jiang Mingze, Li Genghan, Yang Keda, Tao Lin
Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China.
First Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China.
Int J Mol Med. 2025 Jul;56(1). doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2025.5550. Epub 2025 May 16.
Osteoporosis has escalated into a pressing public health challenge amidst global demographic aging. Conventional diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions demonstrate growing limitations in both risk stratification and epidemiological control. In this context, serological monitoring and targeted nutrient supplementation emerge as promising preventive strategies. Vitamins, fundamental regulators of cellular homeostasis, demonstrate particular significance in bone remodeling processes. The present comprehensive review elucidates the pathophysiological mechanisms through which specific vitamins differentially modulate osteoblastic activity and osteoclastic regulation, summarizing contemporary evidence from the molecular to clinical research levels. While vitamin A exhibits dual effects, other vitamins predominantly show positive impacts on bone homeostasis. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key pathological changes associated with osteoporosis. Vitamins play a protective role by enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, activating antioxidant pathways and inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thereby mitigating these conditions. Serum vitamin concentrations exhibit significant correlations with bone mineral density alterations and osteoporosis progression, providing predictive biomarkers for fracture risk assessment. However, serum vitamin profiles exhibit marked heterogeneity across osteoporosis risk strata, necessitating population‑specific therapeutic protocols. Precision‑adjusted supplementation strategies effectively attenuate pathological bone resorption while preserving physiological remodeling homeostasis. The present review systematically delineates the therapeutic potential of vitamins in osteoporotic management, underscoring the necessity for evidence‑based precision nutrient protocols tailored to at‑risk populations to prevent disease progression.
在全球人口老龄化的背景下，骨质疏松症已升级为一项紧迫的公共卫生挑战。传统的诊断方法和治疗干预措施在风险分层和流行病学控制方面都显示出越来越大的局限性。在这种情况下，血清学监测和有针对性的营养补充成为有前景的预防策略。维生素作为细胞稳态的基本调节因子，在骨重塑过程中具有特别重要的意义。本综述阐述了特定维生素以不同方式调节成骨细胞活性和破骨细胞调节的病理生理机制，总结了从分子到临床研究层面的当代证据。维生素A具有双重作用，而其他维生素主要对骨稳态有积极影响。氧化应激和炎症是与骨质疏松症相关的关键病理变化。维生素通过增强抗氧化酶的表达、激活抗氧化途径和抑制炎性细胞因子的分泌发挥保护作用，从而减轻这些状况。血清维生素浓度与骨密度改变和骨质疏松症进展显著相关，为骨折风险评估提供了预测性生物标志物。然而，血清维生素谱在骨质疏松症风险分层中表现出明显的异质性，需要针对特定人群的治疗方案。精确调整的补充策略可有效减轻病理性骨吸收，同时维持生理重塑稳态。本综述系统地阐述了维生素在骨质疏松症管理中的治疗潜力，强调了为高危人群制定基于证据的精确营养方案以预防疾病进展的必要性。
