Ward S, Meng F, Bunney S, Diao K, Butler D
Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Kay Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
Faculty of Technology, De Montfort University, Mill Lane, Leicester, LE2 7DR, UK.
Heliyon. 2020 Oct 3;6(10):e05069. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05069. eCollection 2020 Oct.
Resilience as a concept and resilience assessment as a practice are being explored across a range of social, ecological and technical systems. In this paper, we propose a new method and visualisation approach for interrogating the communication of resilience within organisational networks, using participatory social network analysis and message passing. Through an examination of the UK water sector organisational network, represented by multiple co-produced network graphs, we identify organisations having a key role in the communication of resilience regulatory and evidence messages, as well as highlighting the potential role of complexity tools in strategy formulation. Animations are presented showing the dynamics of resilience communication, which is discussed. Reflections on the use of participatory social network analysis are explored, as the method opens new doors to potentially examine how network changes could alter communication. Key insights highlight that perceived responsibilities for resilience in the UK water sector rest with a small core of organisations; water customers play a limited role in the two-way communication of resilience and water sector organisations do not communicate widely on resilience with other sectors (such as energy). Additionally, who an organisations' neighbours are and what catalyses a message to be passed are important in determining how quickly messages spread. Results lead to a recommendation that high level governmental and policy organisations should engage to a greater extent with new resilience knowledge and consider the use of complexity tools in policy making. Policy in relation to resilience is not keeping pace with such knowledge, limiting the communication and learning of organisations who ardently follow policy and regulation. For inter-organisational cooperation to make a difference to water governance, such organisations need to be encouraged to communicate and embed the latest approaches in relation to resilience and complexity thinking and practice.
复原力作为一个概念以及复原力评估作为一种实践，正在一系列社会、生态和技术系统中进行探索。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的方法和可视化方法，用于通过参与式社会网络分析和信息传递来探究组织网络中复原力的传播情况。通过对由多个共同生成的网络图所代表的英国水务部门组织网络进行考察，我们识别出在复原力监管和证据信息传播中发挥关键作用的组织，同时突出了复杂性工具在战略制定中的潜在作用。展示了复原力传播动态的动画，并对此进行了讨论。探讨了对参与式社会网络分析使用的思考，因为该方法为潜在地研究网络变化如何改变传播打开了新的大门。关键见解突出表明，英国水务部门中对复原力的认知责任落在少数核心组织身上；水务客户在复原力的双向传播中作用有限，并且水务部门组织与其他部门（如能源部门）在复原力方面的沟通并不广泛。此外，一个组织的邻接组织是谁以及是什么促使一条信息得以传递，对于确定信息传播的速度很重要。结果导致一项建议，即高层政府和政策组织应更多地接触新的复原力知识，并考虑在政策制定中使用复杂性工具。与复原力相关的政策未能跟上此类知识的步伐，限制了热切遵循政策和法规的组织的沟通和学习。为了使组织间合作对水治理产生影响，需要鼓励这些组织进行沟通，并将与复原力和复杂性思维及实践相关的最新方法融入其中。
