Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 Jul;68(4):2219-2228. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13874. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging Culicoides-borne Orthobunyavirus that affects ruminant species. Between 2011 and 2013, it was responsible for a large-scale epidemic in Europe. In the present study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with SBV exposure in sheep and goats in the region where the first Schmallenberg disease outbreak in Spain was reported. Blood samples from 1,796 small ruminants from 120 farms were collected in Andalusia (southern Spain) between 2015 and 2017. Antibodies against SBV were detected in 536 of 1,796 animals (29.8%; 95%CI: 27.7-32.0) using a commercial blocking ELISA. The individual seroprevalence according to species was 31.1% (280/900; 95%CI: 28.1-34.1) in sheep and 28.6% (256/896; 95%CI: 25.6-31.5) in goats. The farm prevalence was 76.7% (95%CI: 69.1-84.2). Seropositivity to SBV was confirmed in both sheep and goats in all provinces by virus neutralization test. Two significant (p < .001) spatial clusters of high seroprevalence were identified. The generalized estimating equation analysis showed that management system (extensive), temperature (>14ºC) and altitude (<400 metres above sea level) were risk factors associated with SBV exposure in small ruminants. Our results highlight widespread but not homogeneous circulation of SBV in small ruminant populations in Spain.
沙尔病毒（SBV）是一种新兴的媒介传播的正呼肠孤病毒，会感染反刍动物。2011 年至 2013 年期间，它在欧洲引发了大规模疫情。在本研究中，我们旨在确定西班牙首次报告沙尔病暴发地区绵羊和山羊中 SBV 暴露的血清流行率、空间分布和相关风险因素。2015 年至 2017 年期间，在安达卢西亚（西班牙南部）的 120 个农场中采集了 1796 只小反刍动物的血液样本。使用商业阻断 ELISA 检测到 1796 只动物中有 536 只（29.8%；95%CI：27.7-32.0）针对 SBV 的抗体。根据物种，个体血清流行率分别为绵羊 31.1%（280/900；95%CI：28.1-34.1）和山羊 28.6%（256/896；95%CI：25.6-31.5）。农场流行率为 76.7%（95%CI：69.1-84.2）。通过病毒中和试验在所有省份均确认绵羊和山羊均对 SBV 呈血清阳性。确定了两个显著（p<.001）的高血清流行率空间聚类。广义估计方程分析表明，管理系统（粗放）、温度（>14°C）和海拔（<400 米海平面以上）是小反刍动物 SBV 暴露的相关风险因素。我们的研究结果突出表明，SBV 在西班牙小反刍动物群体中广泛传播，但分布不均匀。
