Kızılay Deniz Özalp, Aydın Cansever, Aygün Ayşe Pakel, Tuhan Hale Ünver, Olukman Özgür
Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Izmir, Turkey.
Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Izmir, Turkey.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Oct 9;34(1):79-88. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0363. Print 2021 Jan 27.
To investigate the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborn infants' anogenital distance (AGD).
Fifty-six female and sixty-four male newborn infants from mothers who smoked during pregnancy were included in this study. A control group for each sex was selected from infants whose mothers had no active or passive (in either the household or the workplace) smoke exposure before or during pregnancy. Questionnaire data on maternal demographic characteristics and information about cigarette use were collected. We assessed genital anthropometry which included AGD for both male and female neonates, and stretched penile length (SPL), penile girth for males within the first 48 h after birth. AGD measurements were also normalized according to birth weight (AGD/weight in grams), length (AGD/height in millimeters), and ponderal index [AGD/(weight in grams/height in cubic centimeters)]. Anogenital index (AGI) was calculated by dividing the AGD by cube root of birth weight.
In female infants, prenatal smoke exposure was associated with significantly increased weight-adjusted AGD (p=0.03). There was also a significant correlation between mothers' daily smoking rates and weight-adjusted AGD (r=0.27/p=0.03). In male infants, fetal smoke exposure was not associated with any AGD measurements, SPL and penile girth.
A significant increase in weight-adjusted AGD in female infants exposed to maternal smoking may be an indicator of antenatal androgen exposure and may pose a risk for short and long-term endocrine, metabolic and behavioral problems.
探讨孕期母亲吸烟对新生儿肛门生殖器距离（AGD）的影响。
本研究纳入了56名女性新生儿和64名男性新生儿，其母亲在孕期吸烟。每个性别的对照组选自其母亲在孕期之前或期间无主动或被动（家庭或工作场所）吸烟暴露的婴儿。收集了关于母亲人口统计学特征的问卷数据以及吸烟情况的信息。我们评估了生殖器人体测量指标，包括男、女新生儿的AGD，以及出生后48小时内男性的阴茎伸展长度（SPL）和阴茎周长。AGD测量值还根据出生体重（AGD/克体重）、身长（AGD/毫米身高）和 ponderal 指数[AGD/（克体重/立方厘米身高）]进行了标准化。肛门生殖器指数（AGI）通过将AGD除以出生体重的立方根来计算。
在女婴中，产前吸烟与体重调整后的AGD显著增加相关（p = 0.03）。母亲的每日吸烟率与体重调整后的AGD之间也存在显著相关性（r = 0.27/p = 0.03）。在男婴中，胎儿期吸烟与任何AGD测量值、SPL和阴茎周长均无关联。
暴露于母亲吸烟环境中的女婴体重调整后的AGD显著增加，可能是产前雄激素暴露的一个指标，并且可能对短期和长期的内分泌、代谢及行为问题构成风险。
