Institute of Health Sciences, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 6;17(19):7294. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197294.
Achieving a high bone mass during childhood and adolescence is important for the prevention of osteoporosis in later life. Herein, the purpose was to assess the relationship of various lifestyle factors and bone outcomes in school children. In 248 girls (13.4 ± 1.9 years, BMI: 20.2 ± 4.8 kg m) and 231 boys (13.6 ± 1.7 years, BMI: 19.3 ± 3.3 kg m), bone mass (stiffness index, SI; calcaneal quantitative ultrasonometry), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), food intake (food frequency questionnaire), and physical activity level (PAL; standardized questionnaire) were assessed. The individual food intake of eight food groups was related to the German recommendations (Bone Healthy Eating Index, BoneHEI; 0-100 points). Relationships between SI and lifestyle factors (Spearman´s rank correlation) and the influence of the factors on the variance of SI (multiple linear regression) were tested (α = 0.05). SI correlated with age, BMI, absolute fat-free mass, relative fat mass, PAL, and puberty category score in both girls and boys ( = 0.18-0.56, < 0.01), but not with BoneHEI ( > 0.05). Age, absolute fat-free mass, sex, and PAL explained 35% of the variance of SI ( < 0.0001): SI = -0.60 + 2.97∙age (years) + 0.65∙fat-free mass (kg) + 6.21∙sex (0 = male, 1 = female) + 17.55∙PAL. Besides age and sex, PAL and fat-free mass are important factors relating to bone health. School children should perform regular physical activity to improve their bone status.
在儿童和青少年时期获得高骨量对于预防晚年骨质疏松症很重要。在此，目的是评估各种生活方式因素与在校儿童骨骼结果的关系。在 248 名女孩（13.4 ± 1.9 岁，BMI：20.2 ± 4.8 kg m）和 231 名男孩（13.6 ± 1.7 岁，BMI：19.3 ± 3.3 kg m）中，评估了骨量（刚性指数，SI；跟骨定量超声）、身体成分（生物电阻抗分析）、食物摄入量（食物频率问卷）和体力活动水平（PAL；标准化问卷）。个体对 8 种食物组的摄入量与德国推荐量（骨骼健康饮食指数，BoneHEI；0-100 分）相关。使用 Spearman 等级相关分析测试了 SI 与生活方式因素之间的关系（SI 和生活方式因素的关系；Spearman 秩相关）以及这些因素对 SI 方差的影响（多元线性回归）（α = 0.05）。SI 与年龄、BMI、绝对无脂肪量、相对脂肪量、PAL 和青春期类别评分在女孩和男孩中均呈正相关（= 0.18-0.56，<0.01），但与 BoneHEI 无关（>0.05）。年龄、绝对无脂肪量、性别和 PAL 解释了 SI 方差的 35%（<0.0001）：SI = -0.60 + 2.97∙年龄（岁）+ 0.65∙无脂肪量（kg）+ 6.21∙性别（0 = 男性，1 = 女性）+ 17.55∙PAL。除年龄和性别外，PAL 和无脂肪量是与骨骼健康相关的重要因素。在校儿童应定期进行体育活动以改善骨骼状况。
