Pegado Felipe, Grainger Jonathan
Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille, France.
Institute for Language Communication and the Brain, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2021 Feb;28(1):189-196. doi: 10.3758/s13423-020-01819-3. Epub 2020 Oct 9.
The present study builds on our prior work showing evidence for noisy word-position coding in an immediate same-different matching task. In that research, participants found it harder to judge that two successive brief presentations of five-word sequences were different when the difference was caused by transposing two adjacent words compared with different word replacements - a transposition effect. Here we used the change-detection task with a 1-s delay introduced between sequences - a task thought to tap into visual short-term memory. Concurrent articulation was used to limit the contribution of active rehearsal. We used standard response-time (RT) and error-rate analyses plus signal detection theory (SDT) measures of discriminability (d') and bias (c). We compared the transposition effects for ungrammatical word sequences and nonword sequences observed with these different measures. Although there was some evidence for transposition effects with nonwords, the effects were much larger with word sequences. These findings provide further support for the hypothesized noisy assignment of word identities to spatiotopic locations along a line of text during reading.
本研究建立在我们之前的工作基础之上，该工作表明在即时异同匹配任务中存在嘈杂的词位置编码证据。在那项研究中，与不同词替换相比，当差异是由相邻两个词的换位引起时，参与者发现更难判断五个词序列的两个连续简短呈现是不同的——一种换位效应。在这里，我们使用了在序列之间引入1秒延迟的变化检测任务——一种被认为可以利用视觉短期记忆的任务。同时发声被用来限制主动复述的作用。我们使用了标准反应时间（RT）和错误率分析以及辨别力（d'）和偏差（c）的信号检测理论（SDT）测量方法。我们比较了用这些不同测量方法观察到的不符合语法的词序列和非词序列的换位效应。虽然有一些证据表明非词存在换位效应，但词序列的效应要大得多。这些发现为阅读过程中沿着文本行将词身份假设性地嘈杂分配到空间位置提供了进一步支持。
