de Matos Dias Douglas, Ferreguetti Átilla Colombo, Rodrigues Flávio Henrique Guimarães
Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP: 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, n° 524, PHLC, sala 220. Maracanã, CEP: 20550-019 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Biol Conserv. 2020 Nov;251:108796. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108796. Epub 2020 Oct 6.
Poaching activity has been described in the literature as harmful due to impacts on biodiversity, especially in protected areas. Although the main reason for this activity is subsistence, in many regions motivation goes beyond the limits of food necessity. We applied single-species, single season occupancy models to evaluate the spatial distribution of poachers and identify potential poaching hotspots in a mosaic of protected areas in the Caatinga domain, northeastern Brazil. We used camera-traps over a period of 200 days at 60 sites randomly selected. We used distances from human settlements, roads and the nearest water holes, frequency of game species and sampling effort as covariables that could influence poachers' occupancy and detectability and to identify potential poaching areas. Occupancy poachers were higher in sites with higher frequency of game species. Frequency of game species and distance from roads had a negative effect on the detectability of poachers. Spatial analysis indicated three critical poaching areas within and around the Boqueirão da Onça National Park, associated with roads and some isolated cattle and goat farms. In this study, we provided an assessment of poaching spatial patterns in relation to different landscape elements and biotic influences, indicating critical areas where enforcement efforts should be focused. Hotspots are clearly concentrated within and on the edge of National Park. The approach presented here to identify poaching hotspots is effective and economical, and therefore may be applied in other protected and non-protected areas throughout the world.
偷猎活动在文献中被描述为有害的，因为它会对生物多样性产生影响，尤其是在保护区内。尽管这种活动的主要原因是维持生计，但在许多地区，其动机已超出了食物需求的范畴。我们应用单物种、单季节占有率模型来评估偷猎者的空间分布，并确定巴西东北部卡廷加地区保护区镶嵌体中的潜在偷猎热点。我们在随机选择的60个地点使用相机陷阱，持续200天。我们将与人类住区、道路和最近水源地的距离、猎物种类的出现频率以及采样工作量作为协变量，这些协变量可能会影响偷猎者的占有率和可探测性，并以此来确定潜在的偷猎区域。猎物种类出现频率较高的地点，偷猎者的占有率也较高。猎物种类的出现频率和与道路的距离对偷猎者的可探测性有负面影响。空间分析表明，在博凯朗达昂萨国家公园内及周边有三个关键的偷猎区域，这些区域与道路以及一些孤立的牛羊养殖场有关。在本研究中，我们评估了偷猎空间格局与不同景观要素和生物影响的关系，指出了执法工作应重点关注的关键区域。热点明显集中在国家公园内部和边缘。这里提出的识别偷猎热点的方法既有效又经济，因此可应用于世界其他保护区和非保护区。
