Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Genetic Resources of Olive Tree, Tunisian Olive Institute, University of Sfax, Airport Road, P.B. 1087, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
University of Sousse, Higher Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Chott Meriem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia.
BMC Microbiol. 2020 Oct 12;20(1):307. doi: 10.1186/s12866-020-01997-z.
Olive production is the main agricultural activity in Tunisia. The diversity of fungi was explored in two different olive groves located in two distant geographical zones in Sfax (Tunisia) with different management practices.
Fungal isolation was made from soil and the major olive tree pests, namely the Olive fly, Bactrocera oleae Gmelin (Diptera: Tephritidae), and the Olive psyllid, Euphyllura olivina Costa (Homoptera: Psyllidae). A total of 34 fungal isolates were identified according to their phenotypic, genotypic, biochemical and biological activities. Twenty fungal species were identified belonging to six different genera (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Lecanicillium and Penicillium) by the analysis of their ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA region. Different bioassays performed in this work revealed that 25/34 (73.5%) of the identified fungal isolates showed an entomopathogenic and/or antagonistic activity, 9/34 (26.5%) of them displayed phytopathogenic features.
Fungal species that showed entomopathogenic and/or antagonistic potentialities and that are non-phytopathogenic, (17/34; 50%) of our fungal isolates, could be explored for olive protection against fungal diseases and pests, and might have a future application as biocontrol agents.
橄榄生产是突尼斯的主要农业活动。在斯法克斯（突尼斯）的两个不同地理区域，采用不同的管理方式，对两个不同的橄榄园中真菌的多样性进行了探索。
从土壤和主要的橄榄树害虫（橄榄蝇，Bactrocera oleae Gmelin（双翅目：果蝇科）和橄榄木虱，Euphyllura olivina Costa（同翅目：木虱科）中进行了真菌分离。根据表型、基因型、生化和生物活性，共鉴定出 34 种真菌分离物。通过对 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 核糖体 DNA 区域的分析，鉴定出属于六个不同属（链格孢属、曲霉属、枝孢属、镰孢属、淡紫拟青霉属和青霉属）的 20 种真菌。本工作中进行的不同生物测定表明，34 种鉴定的真菌分离物中有 25/34（73.5%）种具有昆虫病原性和/或拮抗活性，其中 9/34（26.5%）种具有植物病原性特征。
表现出昆虫病原性和/或拮抗潜力且非植物病原性的真菌物种（34 种分离物中的 17/34；50%），可以探索用于保护橄榄免受真菌病和害虫侵害，并可能作为生物防治剂具有未来的应用前景。
