Pearce E J, Sher A
Contrib Microbiol Immunol. 1987;8:219-32.
An unusual property of schistosomes is their capacity to survive intravascularly for many years in the face of an ongoing antiparasite immune response by the infected host. This ability to evade the immune system appears to be due to several unusual parasite adaptations occurring soon after infection is initiated. Foremost amongst these are processes which result in reduced surface antigenicity and the development of a tegument intrinsically resistant to immune damage. The unusual ability of the schistosome surface membrane to escape immune recognition and damage suggests that attempts to vaccinate against this important parasite either should be directed against very early schistosomula which have yet to achieve the refractory state, or involve stimulation of effector mechanisms, such as killing by activated macrophages, which do not require recognition or interaction with parasite surface antigens.
血吸虫的一个不同寻常的特性是，面对受感染宿主持续的抗寄生虫免疫反应，它们能够在血管内存活多年。这种逃避免疫系统的能力似乎归因于感染开始后不久出现的几种不同寻常的寄生虫适应性变化。其中最主要的是导致表面抗原性降低的过程，以及形成一种本质上对免疫损伤具有抗性的皮层。血吸虫表面膜逃避免疫识别和损伤的这种不同寻常的能力表明，针对这种重要寄生虫进行疫苗接种的尝试，要么应针对尚未达到难治状态的极早期血吸虫幼虫，要么应涉及刺激效应机制，如由活化巨噬细胞进行杀伤，这种机制不需要识别寄生虫表面抗原或与之相互作用。
