Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Feb 10;755(Pt 2):142702. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142702. Epub 2020 Oct 2.
Environmental selection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is considered to be caused by antibiotic or metal residues, frequently used in livestock. In this study we examined three commercial poultry farms to correlate the co-occurrence patterns of antibiotic and metal residues to the presence of ARGs. We quantified 283 ARGs, 12 mobile genetic elements (MGEs), 49 targeted antibiotics, 7 heavy metals and sequenced 16S rRNA genes. The abundance and type of ARG were significantly enriched in manure while soil harbored the most diverse bacterial community. Procrustes analysis displayed significant correlations between ARGs/MGEs and the microbiome. Cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were responsible for a majority of positive correlations to ARGs when compared to antibiotics. Integrons and transposons co-occurred with ARGs corresponding to 9 classes of antibiotics, especially Class1 integrase intI-1LC. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Variance partitioning analysis (VPA) showed that antibiotics, metals, MGEs and bacteria explain solely 0.7%, 5.7%, 12.4%, and 21.9% of variances of ARGs in the microbial community, respectively. These results suggested that bacterial composition and horizontal gene transfer were the major factors shaping the composition of ARGs; Metals had a bigger effect on ARG profile than detected antibiotics in this study.
环境选择抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）被认为是由抗生素或金属残留引起的，这些抗生素和金属残留经常用于畜牧业。在本研究中，我们检查了三个商业家禽养殖场，以关联抗生素和金属残留的共同发生模式与 ARGs 的存在。我们定量了 283 个 ARGs、12 个移动遗传元件（MGEs）、49 种靶向抗生素、7 种重金属，并对 16S rRNA 基因进行了测序。ARG 的丰度和类型在粪便中显著富集，而土壤则含有最多样化的细菌群落。Procrustes 分析显示 ARGs/MGEs 与微生物组之间存在显著相关性。与抗生素相比，镉（Cd）、砷（As）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）和铅（Pb）对 ARGs 的正相关比例更大。整合子和转座子与对应 9 类抗生素的 ARGs 共同发生，特别是 Class1 整合酶 intI-1LC。冗余分析（RDA）和方差分解分析（VPA）表明，抗生素、金属、MGEs 和细菌分别仅解释了微生物群落中 ARGs 的 0.7%、5.7%、12.4%和 21.9%的方差。这些结果表明，细菌组成和水平基因转移是塑造 ARGs 组成的主要因素；在本研究中，金属对 ARG 谱的影响大于检测到的抗生素。
