Trimboli Francesca, Ragusa Monica, Piras Cristian, Lopreiato Vincenzo, Britti Domenico
Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Oct 8;10(10):1832. doi: 10.3390/ani10101832.
During the transition period, dairy cows experience great physiological stress caused by changes in metabolism and in the immune and endocrine systems. A pro-inflammatory state is another difficulty faced by even apparently healthy animals. The most significant negative consequences of inflammation in dairy cows are substantial impairment of milk production and deleterious effects on cows' health in extreme cases. Nonetheless, a certain degree of inflammation is necessary to sustain physiological adaptations. In recent years, many studies have attempted to determine whether the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in the transition period of dairy cows could positively affect milk production and cows' health by controlling the inflammation status. This literature indicates that NSAIDs that act as preferential inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity show important side effects (e.g., increased risk of retained placenta, culling, or metritis) even if milk production is, on average, ameliorated. In contrast, preferential inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity have overall positive effects on cows' health, with potential beneficial effects on milk production. Furthermore, it is important to note that with certain NSAID treatments, milk discarding is mandatory to prevent contamination with drug residues, but increased milk production can compensate for the loss of milk revenue during the withdrawal period.
在过渡期，奶牛会经历由新陈代谢以及免疫和内分泌系统变化所引起的巨大生理应激。即使是看似健康的动物也面临着另一个难题，即促炎状态。奶牛炎症最显著的负面后果是产奶量大幅下降，在极端情况下还会对奶牛健康产生有害影响。尽管如此，一定程度的炎症对于维持生理适应是必要的。近年来，许多研究试图确定在奶牛过渡期使用非甾体抗炎药（NSAID）是否可以通过控制炎症状态对产奶量和奶牛健康产生积极影响。该文献表明，作为环氧化酶-1（COX-1）活性优先抑制剂的NSAID即使平均产奶量有所改善，也会显示出重要的副作用（例如，胎盘滞留、淘汰或子宫炎风险增加）。相比之下，环氧化酶-2（COX-2）活性优先抑制剂对奶牛健康具有总体积极影响，对产奶量可能有有益作用。此外，需要注意的是，使用某些NSAID治疗时，必须丢弃牛奶以防止药物残留污染，但产奶量增加可以弥补停药期牛奶收入的损失。
