Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sydney Institute of Vision Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Nutr Rev. 2021 May 12;79(6):636-650. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa100.
Age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and glaucoma remain the leading causes of visual impairment in developed nations, resulting in a substantial treatment burden on sufferers and health care systems. Despite significant advances in diagnostic testing and therapeutics, population-based strategies to reduce the burden of these diseases remain limited. However, there is some evidence that these diseases may share overlapping risk factors, particularly in regard to dietary intake and antioxidant status, and it is thus possible that dietary modification may reduce both the prevalence and severity of these conditions. In particular, dietary intake of green leafy vegetables, hyperglycemia/glycemia index, and omega-3 fatty acid intake, as well as overall dietary patterns, may affect risk of one or more of these conditions. In this review, we analyse the evidence for dietary intake and the association with these conditions, and provide insights into possible modifications that may thus simultaneously reduce the risk of visual impairment from multiple causes, including improving dietary intake of green leafy vegetables and reducing dietary glycemic index, both of which have been associated with a decreased risk of multiple causes of visual impairment.
年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、白内障和青光眼仍然是发达国家视力障碍的主要原因，给患者和医疗保健系统带来了沉重的治疗负担。尽管在诊断测试和治疗方面取得了重大进展，但减轻这些疾病负担的基于人群的策略仍然有限。然而，有一些证据表明，这些疾病可能具有重叠的风险因素，特别是在饮食摄入和抗氧化状态方面，因此饮食改变可能会降低这些疾病的患病率和严重程度。特别是，绿叶蔬菜的饮食摄入、高血糖/血糖指数和 ω-3 脂肪酸摄入以及整体饮食模式可能会影响一种或多种这些疾病的风险。在这篇综述中，我们分析了饮食摄入与这些疾病的关联，并提供了可能的改变的见解，这些改变可能会同时降低多种原因导致的视力障碍的风险，包括改善绿叶蔬菜的饮食摄入和降低饮食血糖指数，这两者都与多种原因导致的视力障碍风险降低有关。
