Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Ecol Lett. 2021 Jan;24(1):73-83. doi: 10.1111/ele.13622. Epub 2020 Oct 13.
Diversifying agricultural landscapes may mitigate biodiversity declines and improve pest management. Yet landscapes are rarely managed to suppress pests, in part because researchers seldom measure key variables related to pest outbreaks and insecticides that drive management decisions. We used a 13-year government database to analyse landscape effects on European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) outbreaks and insecticides across c. 400 Spanish vineyards. At harvest, we found pest outbreaks increased four-fold in simplified, vineyard-dominated landscapes compared to complex landscapes in which vineyards are surrounded by semi-natural habitats. Similarly, insecticide applications doubled in vineyard-dominated landscapes but declined in vineyards surrounded by shrubland. Importantly, pest population stochasticity would have masked these large effects if numbers of study sites and years were reduced to typical levels in landscape pest-control studies. Our results suggest increasing landscape complexity may mitigate pest populations and insecticide applications. Habitat conservation represents an economically and environmentally sound approach for achieving sustainable grape production.
多样化农业景观可能减轻生物多样性下降并改善病虫害管理。然而，景观很少被用来控制病虫害，部分原因是研究人员很少测量与病虫害爆发和驱动管理决策的杀虫剂有关的关键变量。我们使用了 13 年的政府数据库来分析景观对西班牙约 400 个葡萄园的欧洲葡萄蛾（Lobesia botrana）爆发和杀虫剂的影响。在收获时，我们发现与周围有半自然栖息地的复杂景观相比，在简化的、以葡萄园为主的景观中，害虫爆发增加了四倍。同样，在以葡萄园为主的景观中，杀虫剂的使用量增加了一倍，但在周围有灌木林的葡萄园则减少了。重要的是，如果将研究地点和年份的数量减少到景观病虫害控制研究中的典型水平，那么害虫种群的随机性将掩盖这些大的影响。我们的研究结果表明，增加景观的复杂性可能会减轻病虫害的发生和杀虫剂的使用。保护栖息地代表了一种经济和环境上合理的方法，可以实现可持续的葡萄生产。
