Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3114; email:
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec J3B 3E6, Canada; email:
Annu Rev Entomol. 2018 Jan 7;63:193-214. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023547.
Viticulture has experienced dramatic global growth in acreage and value. As the international exchange of goods has increased, so too has the market demand for sustainably produced products. Both elements redefine the entomological challenges posed to viticulture and have stimulated significant advances in arthropod pest control programs. Vineyard managers on all continents are increasingly combating invasive species, resulting in the adoption of novel insecticides, semiochemicals, and molecular tools to support sustainable viticulture. At the local level, vineyard management practices consider factors such as the surrounding natural ecosystem, risk to fish populations, and air quality. Coordinated multinational responses to pest invasion have been highly effective and have, for example, resulted in eradication of the moth Lobesia botrana from California vineyards, a pest found in 2009 and eradicated by 2016. At the global level, the shared pests and solutions for their suppression will play an increasing role in delivering internationally sensitive pest management programs that respond to invasive pests, climate change, novel vector and pathogen relationships, and pesticide restrictions.
葡萄栽培在面积和价值方面经历了显著的全球增长。随着商品国际交流的增加，对可持续生产产品的市场需求也在增加。这两个因素重新定义了对葡萄栽培提出的昆虫学挑战，并刺激了节肢动物害虫防治计划的重大进展。各大洲的葡萄园管理者越来越多地对抗入侵物种，导致采用新型杀虫剂、信息素和分子工具来支持可持续的葡萄栽培。在地方层面，葡萄园管理实践考虑了周围自然生态系统、对鱼类种群的风险和空气质量等因素。对虫害入侵的协调多国反应非常有效，例如，已经成功地从加利福尼亚的葡萄园根除了卷叶蛾 Lobesia botrana，这种害虫于 2009 年发现，并于 2016 年根除。在全球层面，共同的害虫及其抑制解决方案将在提供国际敏感的害虫管理计划方面发挥越来越大的作用，这些计划针对入侵害虫、气候变化、新型载体和病原体关系以及农药限制做出反应。
