Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Clin Interv Aging. 2020 Sep 28;15:1793-1807. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S261877. eCollection 2020.
Caregivers in the home environment have an important role in timely detecting and responding to abuse. The aim of this review was to provide insight into both the existing tools for the assessment of and interventions for elder abuse by formal and informal caregivers in the home environment, and to categorize them according to a public health perspective, into primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary prevention.
We selected the assessment tools and interventions that can be used by caregivers in the home environment included in previous reviews by Gallione et al (2017) and Fearing et al (2017). To identify published studies after these reviews, a search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Database, CINAHL and Web of Science.
In total, fifteen assessment tools and twelve interventions were included. The number of assessment tools for elder abuse for use in the home environment is increasing; however, tools must be validated over different cultures and risk groups. In addition, the tools lack attention for the needs of vulnerable older persons such as persons with dementia. Existing interventions for caregivers in the home environment lack evidence for addressing elder abuse and do not address potential adverse effects (quaternary prevention).
Assessment tools for elder abuse need further testing for validity and reliability for use by caregivers in the home environment. For interventions, meaningful outcome measures are needed. Important to note is that quaternary prevention requires more attention. This argues for taking into account perspectives of (abused) older persons and caregivers in the development of assessment tools and interventions protocols.
在家庭环境中，护理人员在及时发现和应对虐待方面发挥着重要作用。本综述的目的是深入了解家庭环境中正式和非正式护理人员评估和干预虐待的现有工具，并根据公共卫生的角度将其分类为一级、二级、三级或四级预防。
我们选择了 Gallione 等人（2017 年）和 Fearing 等人（2017 年）之前的综述中包含的可在家中环境中由护理人员使用的评估工具和干预措施。为了在这些综述之后发现已发表的研究，我们使用 PubMed、Cochrane 数据库、CINAHL 和 Web of Science 进行了搜索。
共纳入了十五种评估工具和十二种干预措施。用于家庭环境中评估虐待的评估工具数量正在增加；然而，这些工具必须在不同的文化和风险群体中进行验证。此外，这些工具缺乏对弱势老年人（如痴呆症患者）需求的关注。现有的家庭环境中护理人员干预措施缺乏针对虐待问题的证据，也没有解决潜在的不良影响（四级预防）。
用于家庭环境中护理人员的虐待评估工具需要进一步测试其有效性和可靠性。对于干预措施，需要有有意义的结果衡量标准。需要注意的是，四级预防需要更多关注。这就需要在开发评估工具和干预措施协议时，考虑到（受虐待）老年人和护理人员的观点。
