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A Rare Case of Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Masquerading as a Forehead Hematoma.

作者信息

Sanders Kimberly, Thomas Ashley, Isache Carmen, Siddiqi Anwer

机构信息

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

出版信息

Case Rep Gastrointest Med. 2020 Sep 30;2020:8842936. doi: 10.1155/2020/8842936. eCollection 2020.

DOI:10.1155/2020/8842936
PMID:33062352
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7545472/
Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and can arise from any form of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis. With increasing rates of metabolic syndrome and obesity, it is not surprising that NASH is quickly becoming a leading cause of chronic liver disease and HCC in the western hemisphere (Wang and Malhi, 2018). Metastasis is usually found in advanced stages of the disease, owing to its poor prognosis. The lung, bone, and lymph nodes are the most frequent sites of metastasis (Balogh et al., 2016, and Becker et al., 2014). On the other hand, metastasis to the skin and cranium is relatively rare. Literature review reveals less than 10 reported cases in the last 10 years. Herein, we report an unusual case of a "forehead hematoma" leading to the formal diagnosis of metastatic HCC.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/46d989894bf2/CRIGM2020-8842936.006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/0fe83b5c54ff/CRIGM2020-8842936.001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/5f457d6546a2/CRIGM2020-8842936.002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/c79d9cac0859/CRIGM2020-8842936.003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/e05e2a22b991/CRIGM2020-8842936.004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/eb06dcbc12df/CRIGM2020-8842936.005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/46d989894bf2/CRIGM2020-8842936.006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/0fe83b5c54ff/CRIGM2020-8842936.001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/5f457d6546a2/CRIGM2020-8842936.002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/c79d9cac0859/CRIGM2020-8842936.003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/e05e2a22b991/CRIGM2020-8842936.004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/eb06dcbc12df/CRIGM2020-8842936.005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/013f/7545472/46d989894bf2/CRIGM2020-8842936.006.jpg

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本文引用的文献

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Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2020 Mar 26;15(2):53-58. doi: 10.1002/cld.879. eCollection 2020 Feb.
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Trends in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and related combination therapies.晚期肝细胞癌的治疗趋势:免疫检查点阻断免疫疗法及相关联合疗法
Am J Cancer Res. 2019 Aug 1;9(8):1536-1545. eCollection 2019.
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Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in extrahepatic metastases.
肝外转移的肝细胞癌的临床病理特征及鉴别诊断
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.非酒精性脂肪性肝病。
Ann Intern Med. 2018 Nov 6;169(9):ITC65-ITC80. doi: 10.7326/AITC201811060.
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Hepatology. 2018 Aug;68(2):723-750. doi: 10.1002/hep.29913.
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Current and Future Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Updated Comprehensive Review.肝细胞癌的当前及未来治疗:最新全面综述
J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2018 Mar 28;6(1):69-78. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2017.00031. Epub 2017 Dec 17.
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Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma cases attributable to major risk factors.全球范围内主要危险因素所致肝细胞癌病例的发病率。
Eur J Cancer Prev. 2018 May;27(3):205-212. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000428.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma: a review.肝细胞癌:综述
J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2016 Oct 5;3:41-53. doi: 10.2147/JHC.S61146. eCollection 2016.
9
Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and impact of therapeutic advances.肝细胞癌的分子发病机制及治疗进展的影响
F1000Res. 2016 May 12;5. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.6946.1. eCollection 2016.
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