Lobo R A
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1987 Mar;14(1):143-67.
The classes of estrogens and progestogens currently in use and their routes of administration have been considered. The decision to prescribe any given estrogen or progestogen and by a particular route has a significant impact on cardiovascular risk factors. Among the estrogens, native estradiol and estrone are favored over equine and synthetic estrogens. Given this choice, oral and systemic routes of administration are not sufficiently different clinically to endorse one method over the other, except for the unusual hypertensive woman or the patient with a history of thromboembolic phenomena. Among the progestogens, oral micronized progesterone offers much promise for use in postmenopausal women. However, the oral use of lower doses of other progestogens seems appropriate at the present time. With the availability of oral micronized progesterone and in time a transdermal system, the need for alternate routes of administration for other progestogens seems unnecessary.
目前使用的雌激素和孕激素类别及其给药途径已被考量。开具任何特定雌激素或孕激素并采用特定给药途径的决定，对心血管危险因素有重大影响。在雌激素中，天然雌二醇和雌酮比马雌激素和合成雌激素更受青睐。鉴于此选择，口服和全身给药途径在临床上差异不足以支持一种方法优于另一种方法，除非是特殊的高血压女性或有血栓栓塞现象病史的患者。在孕激素中，口服微粉化孕酮在绝经后女性中使用前景广阔。然而，目前口服较低剂量的其他孕激素似乎是合适的。随着口服微粉化孕酮的出现以及适时出现经皮给药系统，其他孕激素似乎没有必要采用替代给药途径。
