Malik Muhammad I, Rashid Muhammad A, Yousaf Muhammad S, Naveed Saima, Javed Khalid, Rehman Habib
Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Oct 13;10(10):1861. doi: 10.3390/ani10101861.
The inclusion of straw in high concentrate total mixed rations (TMRs) of male fattening goats can provide the necessary fiber to prevent ruminal acidosis and maintain growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the physical form (PF) of the diet (pelleted vs. conventional) and the straw level (SL) of wheat straw (WS) (15% versus 25%) in total mixed rations on feed intake, growth, total tract digestibility, and blood metabolites of fattening goats. Thirty-two male Beetal goats (27.4 ± 0.28 kg body weight (BW)) were divided randomly into the following four dietary treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement ( = 8/treatment): (1) CTMR15 (conventional TMR containing 15% WS), (2) CTMR25 (conventional TMR containing 25% WS), (3) PTMR15 (pelleted TMR containing 15% WS), and (4) PTMR25 (pelleted TMR containing 25% WS). Both conventional and pelleted 15% WS TMR had 33.7% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 19.3% acid detergent fiber (ADF), whereas in 25% WS TMR the NDF and ADF contents were 38.7% and 22.9%, respectively. The experimental diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous (crude protein (CP) = 15%). The dry matter intake (DMI) (1.265 vs. 1.044 kg/day) and average daily gain (ADG) (0.176 vs. 0.143 kg/day) were higher ( < 0.05) in pelleted vs. conventional TMR-fed goats. Irrespective of the PF of the TMR, the 15% WS-fed animals had greater ( < 0.05) DMI (1.206 vs. 1.102 kg/day) and ADG (0.172 vs. 0.144 kg) when compared to those fed on 25% WS diets. Furthermore, feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) was higher ( < 0.05) in the 25% WS-fed goats when compared with the 15% WS-fed animals. Digestibility coefficients, nitrogen balancing, hepatic enzymes, blood metabolites, and hematological parameters were similar ( > 0.05) across all treatments. In conclusion, feeding pelleted TMR with WS improved DMI and growth performance as compared to those fed conventional TMR, and 15% WS performed better than 25% WS without exerting any adverse effects on blood metabolites, liver enzymes, or hematological parameters.
在雄性育肥山羊的高浓缩全混合日粮（TMR）中添加秸秆可为预防瘤胃酸中毒和维持生长提供必要的纤维。本研究的目的是评估日粮的物理形态（PF）（颗粒料与传统料）和小麦秸秆（WS）的秸秆水平（SL）（15% 与 25%）在全混合日粮中对育肥山羊采食量、生长、全肠道消化率及血液代谢物的影响。32 只雄性比塔尔山羊（体重 27.4 ± 0.28 千克）被随机分为以下四种日粮处理组，采用 2×2 析因设计（每组 8 只）：（1）CTMR15（含 15% WS 的传统 TMR），（2）CTMR25（含 25% WS 的传统 TMR），（3）PTMR15（含 15% WS 的颗粒 TMR），以及（4）PTMR25（含 25% WS 的颗粒 TMR）。含 15% WS 的传统和颗粒 TMR 均含有 33.7% 的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和 19.3% 的酸性洗涤纤维（ADF），而含 25% WS 的 TMR 中 NDF 和 ADF 含量分别为 38.7% 和 22.9%。实验日粮配方为等氮（粗蛋白（CP） = 15%）。与饲喂传统 TMR 的山羊相比，饲喂颗粒 TMR 的山羊干物质采食量（DMI）（1.265 对 1.044 千克/天）和平均日增重（ADG）（0.176 对 0.143 千克/天）更高（P < 0.05）。无论 TMR 的 PF 如何，与饲喂 25% WS 日粮的山羊相比，饲喂 15% WS 的动物具有更高的（P < 0.05）DMI（1.206 对 1.102 千克/天）和 ADG（0.172 对 0.144 千克）。此外，与饲喂 15% WS 的动物相比，饲喂 25% WS 的山羊的料重比（F:G）更高（P < 0.05）。所有处理组的消化率系数、氮平衡、肝酶、血液代谢物和血液学参数均相似（P > 0.05）。总之，与饲喂传统 TMR 的山羊相比，饲喂含 WS 的颗粒 TMR 可提高 DMI 和生长性能，并且 15% WS 的效果优于 25% WS，且对血液代谢物、肝酶或血液学参数无任何不良影响。
