抗阻训练可显著提高超重或肥胖成年人的力量，适度提高其身体机能：系统评价。

Resistance training leads to large improvements in strength and moderate improvements in physical function in adults who are overweight or obese: a systematic review.

机构信息

School of Biomedical, Nutritional, and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.

Centre of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.

出版信息

J Physiother. 2020 Oct;66(4):214-224. doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2020.09.009. Epub 2020 Oct 14.

DOI:10.1016/j.jphys.2020.09.009

PMID:33069607

Abstract

QUESTIONS

What are the effects of resistance training on muscle strength, physical function and muscle power in adults who are overweight or obese? Which factors moderate the effects?

DESIGN

Systematic review of randomised controlled trials, with random effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions.

PARTICIPANTS

Adults who are overweight or obese.

INTERVENTION

Resistance training lasting ≥ 4 weeks.

OUTCOME MEASURES

Muscle strength, muscle power and physical function.

RESULTS

Thirty trials with 1,416 participants met the eligibility criteria. Pooled analyses indicated that resistance training has a large beneficial effect on muscle strength (SMD 1.39, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.73, I = 85%) and a moderate effect on physical function (SMD 0.67, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.08, I = 71%) in adults who are overweight or obese. However, the effect of resistance training on muscle power was unclear (SMD 0.42, 95% CI -3.3 to 4.2, I = 46%). The effect of resistance training on strength was greatest for the upper body (versus lower/whole body: β = 0.35, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.66) and in dynamic strength tests (versus isometric/isokinetic: β = 1.20, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.81), although trials judged to have good methodological quality reported statistically smaller effects (versus poor/fair quality: β = -1.21, 95% CI -2.35 to -0.07). Concomitant calorie restriction did not modify strength gains but reduced the effect of resistance training on physical function (β = -0.79, 95% CI -1.41 to -0.17). Small study effects were evident for strength outcomes (β = 5.9, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Resistance training has a large positive effect on muscle strength and a moderate effect on physical function in adults who are overweight or obese. However, the effect of resistance training on muscle power is uncertain. In addition, concomitant calorie restriction may compromise the functional adaptations to resistance training.

REGISTRATION

PROSPERO CRD42019146394.

摘要

问题

抗阻训练对超重或肥胖成年人的肌肉力量、身体机能和肌肉力量有什么影响？哪些因素会影响效果？

设计

随机对照试验的系统评价，采用随机效应荟萃分析和荟萃回归。

参与者

超重或肥胖的成年人。

干预措施

持续时间至少为 4 周的抗阻训练。

结局指标

肌肉力量、肌肉力量和身体机能。

结果

符合入选标准的 30 项试验共纳入 1416 名参与者。汇总分析表明，抗阻训练对超重或肥胖成年人的肌肉力量有很大的有益影响（SMD 1.39，95%CI 1.05 至 1.73，I=85%），对身体机能有适度的影响（SMD 0.67，95%CI 0.25 至 1.08，I=71%）。然而，抗阻训练对肌肉力量的影响尚不清楚（SMD 0.42，95%CI-3.3 至 4.2，I=46%）。抗阻训练对上半身的效果最强（与下半身/全身相比：β=0.35，95%CI 0.05 至 0.66）和动态力量测试（与等长/等速相比：β=1.20，95%CI 0.60 至 1.81），尽管被认为具有良好方法学质量的试验报告的效果较小（与差/中等质量相比：β=-1.21，95%CI-2.35 至-0.07）。同时进行热量限制并不能改变力量的增加，但会降低抗阻训练对身体机能的影响（β=-0.79，95%CI-1.41 至-0.17）。在力量结果方面，小样本研究的影响明显（β=5.9，p<0.001）。