Mezu-Ndubuisi Olachi J, Maheshwari Akhil
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Pediatr Res. 2021 Sep;90(3):513-523. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01209-4. Epub 2020 Oct 18.
In the fetus and the neonate, altered macrophage function has been implicated not only in inflammatory disorders but also in developmental abnormalities marked by altered onset, interruption, or imbalance of key structural changes. The developmental role of macrophages were first noted nearly a century ago, at about the same time when these cells were being identified as central effectors in phagocytosis and elimination of microbes. Since that time, we have made considerable progress in understanding the diverse roles that these cells play in both physiology and disease. Here, we review the role of fetal and neonatal macrophages in immune surveillance, innate immunity, homeostasis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and repair of damaged tissues. We also discuss the possibility of therapeutic manipulation of the relative abundance and activation status of macrophage subsets in various diseases. This article combines peer-reviewed evidence from our own studies with results of an extensive literature search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. IMPACT: We have reviewed the structure, differentiation, and classification of macrophages in the neonatal period. Neonatal macrophages are derived from embryonic, hepatic, and bone marrow precursors. Macrophages play major roles in tissue homeostasis, innate immunity, inflammation, tissue repair, angiogenesis, and apoptosis of various cellular lineages in various infectious and inflammatory disorders. Macrophages and related inflammatory mediators could be important therapeutic targets in several neonatal diseases.
在胎儿和新生儿中，巨噬细胞功能改变不仅与炎症性疾病有关，还与以关键结构变化的起始、中断或失衡改变为特征的发育异常有关。巨噬细胞的发育作用早在近一个世纪前就被首次发现，大约在这些细胞被确定为吞噬作用和消除微生物的核心效应器的同时。从那时起，我们在理解这些细胞在生理和疾病中所起的多种作用方面取得了相当大的进展。在这里，我们综述了胎儿和新生儿巨噬细胞在免疫监视、先天免疫、内环境稳态、组织重塑、血管生成和受损组织修复中的作用。我们还讨论了在各种疾病中对巨噬细胞亚群的相对丰度和激活状态进行治疗性调控的可能性。本文结合了我们自己研究中的同行评审证据以及在PubMed、EMBASE和Scopus数据库中广泛文献检索的结果。影响：我们综述了新生儿期巨噬细胞的结构、分化和分类。新生儿巨噬细胞来源于胚胎、肝脏和骨髓前体。巨噬细胞在各种感染性和炎症性疾病的组织内环境稳态、先天免疫、炎症、组织修复、血管生成以及各种细胞谱系的凋亡中起主要作用。巨噬细胞和相关炎症介质可能是几种新生儿疾病的重要治疗靶点。
