Jahrami Haitham, Alekri Eman, BaHammam Ahmed S, Alsalman Ali, Bragazzi Nicola Luigi, Alhaj Omar, Saif Zahra
Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 12, Manama, Bahrain.
College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
Sleep Breath. 2021 Sep;25(3):1571-1579. doi: 10.1007/s11325-020-02228-5. Epub 2020 Oct 17.
Few previous studies estimated the association between micronutrient status and sleep quality; no previous work was done in patients with depression compared with healthy controls.
Using a case-control design, 96 patients with depression were age- and sex-matched with 96 healthy controls. Dietary assessment utilized a standardized questionnaire, and analysis focused comprehensively on 18 micronutrient items. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of poor sleep quality.
Patients with depression had a significantly lower sleep quality than controls with PSQI scores of 7.3 ± 2.7 and 5.1 ± 2.5, respectively. The prevalence of poor sleep quality in patients with depression was almost double the prevalence of poor sleep quality in the general population. The micronutrient status of vitamin B12 and Mg successfully predicted sleep quality in healthy controls. However, in patients with depression, micronutrient status failed to predict sleep quality.
The current research showed that sleep quality was positively associated with Mg intake, and negatively associated with vitamin B12 in healthy adults. For patients with depression in this study sample, sleep quality was not associated with micronutrient intake status. Further research is needed to determine if intake of micronutrients can improve sleep and/or depressive symptoms in patients with depression.
此前很少有研究评估微量营养素状况与睡眠质量之间的关联；与健康对照相比，此前尚未对抑郁症患者进行过此类研究。
采用病例对照设计，96例抑郁症患者在年龄和性别上与96名健康对照相匹配。饮食评估采用标准化问卷，分析全面聚焦于18种微量营养素项目。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）测量睡眠质量。描述性统计用于总结研究结果。逻辑回归分析用于确定睡眠质量差的预测因素。
抑郁症患者的睡眠质量显著低于对照组，PSQI得分分别为7.3±2.7和5.1±2.5。抑郁症患者睡眠质量差的患病率几乎是普通人群睡眠质量差患病率的两倍。维生素B12和镁的微量营养素状况成功预测了健康对照的睡眠质量。然而，在抑郁症患者中，微量营养素状况未能预测睡眠质量。
当前研究表明，在健康成年人中，睡眠质量与镁的摄入量呈正相关，与维生素B12呈负相关。对于本研究样本中的抑郁症患者，睡眠质量与微量营养素摄入状况无关。需要进一步研究以确定摄入微量营养素是否能改善抑郁症患者的睡眠和/或抑郁症状。
