Wood Joshua K, Gurven Michael, Goldberg Lewis R
Melbourne, Australia.
University of California at Santa Barbara, U.S.A.
Eur J Pers. 2020 Mar-Apr;34(2):164-179. doi: 10.1002/per.2246. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
There is longstanding interest in the generalizability of personality across diverse cultures. To investigate the generalizability of personality concepts, we examined the English translations of individual-difference entries from the dictionaries of 12 small-scale societies previously studied for ubiquity of individual differences, plus the dictionary of an additional society not previously studied in this manner. These 13 societies are highly diverse in geographical location, culture, and language family; their languages developed in isolation from modern-world languages. The goal of our exploratory research was to discover ubiquitous personality concepts in these 13 independent societies and their languages, providing a window into personality concepts across a broad range of cultures and languages. This study used clusters of empirically related terms (e.g., brave, courageous, daring), based on a taxonomy of English-language personality concepts that consisted of 100 personality-trait clusters. English-language definitions of dictionary entries from the 13 languages were matched to the meanings of the synonym clusters. The cluster-classification method uncovered nine ubiquitous personality concepts, plus six that were present in at least 12 of the 13 languages. The nine ubiquitous personality concepts include some not previously identified and suggest a core of possibly universal concepts.
长期以来，人们一直对人格在不同文化中的普遍性感兴趣。为了研究人格概念的普遍性，我们检查了12个先前研究过个体差异普遍性的小规模社会词典中个体差异条目的英文翻译，以及一个此前未以这种方式研究过的社会的词典。这13个社会在地理位置、文化和语系方面高度多样化；它们的语言是在与现代世界语言隔绝的情况下发展起来的。我们探索性研究的目标是在这13个独立社会及其语言中发现普遍存在的人格概念，从而为了解广泛的文化和语言中的人格概念提供一个窗口。本研究基于由100个人格特质集群组成的英语人格概念分类法，使用了经验相关术语的集群（例如，勇敢、有勇气、大胆）。将这13种语言词典条目的英语定义与同义词集群的含义进行匹配。聚类分类方法揭示了9个普遍存在的人格概念，另外还有6个在13种语言中的至少12种语言中出现。这九个普遍存在的人格概念包括一些以前未被识别的概念，并暗示了一个可能具有普遍性的核心概念。
