Gronwald Thomas, Rogers Bruce, Hoos Olaf
Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
Front Physiol. 2020 Sep 18;11:550572. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.550572. eCollection 2020.
Exercise and training prescription in endurance-type sports has a strong theoretical background with various practical applications based on threshold concepts. Given the challenges and pitfalls of determining individual training zones on the basis of subsystem indicators (e.g., blood lactate concentration, respiratory parameters), the question arises whether there are alternatives for intensity distribution demarcation. Considering that training in a low intensity zone substantially contributes to the performance outcome of endurance athletes and exceeding intensity targets based on a misleading aerobic threshold can lead to negative performance and recovery effects, it would be desirable to find a parameter that could be derived via non-invasive, low cost and commonly available wearable devices. In this regard, analytics conducted from non-linear dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) have been adapted to gain further insights into the complex cardiovascular regulation during endurance-type exercise. Considering the reciprocal antagonistic behavior and the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system from low to high exercise intensities, it may be promising to use an approach that utilizes information about the regulation quality of the organismic system to determine training-intensity distribution. Detrended fluctuation analysis of HRV and its short-term scaling exponent alpha1 (DFA-alpha1) seems suitable for applied sport-specific settings including exercise from low to high intensities. DFA-alpha1 may be taken as an indicator for exercise prescription and intensity distribution monitoring in endurance-type sports. The present perspective illustrates the potential of DFA-alpha1 for diagnostic and monitoring purposes as a "global" system parameter and proxy for organismic demands.
耐力型运动中的运动与训练处方具有坚实的理论背景，并基于阈值概念有各种实际应用。鉴于基于子系统指标（如血乳酸浓度、呼吸参数）确定个体训练区域存在挑战和陷阱，于是产生了一个问题，即是否有其他强度分布划分方法。考虑到低强度区域的训练对耐力运动员的成绩有很大贡献，而基于误导性的有氧阈值超过强度目标可能会导致负面的成绩和恢复效果，找到一个可以通过非侵入性、低成本且普遍可用的可穿戴设备得出的参数将是很理想的。在这方面，对心率变异性（HRV）非线性动力学进行的分析已被采用，以进一步深入了解耐力型运动期间复杂的心血管调节。考虑到从低到高运动强度下自主神经系统交感和副交感分支的相互拮抗行为及相互作用，使用一种利用有关机体系统调节质量的信息来确定训练强度分布的方法可能很有前景。HRV的去趋势波动分析及其短期标度指数alpha1（DFA-alpha1）似乎适用于包括从低到高强度运动的特定运动应用场景。DFA-alpha1可作为耐力型运动中运动处方和强度分布监测的指标。本观点阐述了DFA-alpha1作为一个“全局”系统参数和机体需求代理在诊断和监测方面的潜力。
