Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Front Immunol. 2020 Sep 23;11:570063. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570063. eCollection 2020.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Most infected people have mild or moderate symptoms and recover without the need for extensive treatment. However, for seriously ill patients, no specific treatments are currently available. Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT), a passive immunotherapy, involves infusing plasma from recovered people into actively infected people, and is thought to be a specific intervention to improve outcome in patients with severe COVID-19. The presumed mechanism involves neutralizing antibodies and antibody dependent cytotoxicity/phagocytosis. Previous CPT trials showed an effect in SARS and pilot studies suggest CPT is an effective and safe strategy for seriously ill COVID-19 patients. CPT is currently being tested in large randomized clinical trials. Herein, we critically review the mechanism, applications and the challenges for CPT in the treatment of severe COVID-19, paving the way toward vaccine and immunotherapy development.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的大流行疾病。大多数感染者有轻度或中度症状，无需广泛治疗即可康复。然而，对于重症患者，目前尚无特效治疗方法。恢复期血浆疗法（CPT）是一种被动免疫疗法，包括将康复者的血浆输注给正在感染的人，被认为是改善重症 COVID-19 患者预后的特定干预措施。推测的机制涉及中和抗体和抗体依赖性细胞毒性/吞噬作用。之前的 CPT 试验表明 SARS 中存在疗效，并且初步研究表明 CPT 是重症 COVID-19 患者的有效且安全的策略。CPT 目前正在大型随机临床试验中进行测试。在此，我们批判性地回顾了 CPT 在治疗重症 COVID-19 中的机制、应用和挑战，为疫苗和免疫疗法的发展铺平了道路。
