Schwinger Catherine, Chandyo Ram K, Ulak Manjeswori, Hysing Mari, Shrestha Merina, Ranjitkar Suman, Strand Tor A
Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Front Nutr. 2020 Sep 22;7:567164. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.567164. eCollection 2020.
There is an increase in the double burden of malnutrition globally, with a particular rise documented in Asia. In Nepal, undernutrition has been prevalent for decades. Today, however, the incidence of overweight and obesity (OWOB) in the country has increased substantially. There is a need to conduct local studies reporting on the concurrent burden of both underweight and OWOB across adult populations. This study addresses this need by describing the distribution of body mass index (BMI) in a defined population of adults living in the peri-urban community of Bhaktapur, Nepal. For this cross-sectional analysis, we used data that were available from 600 women and 445 men whose children were enrolled in an individually randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effect of daily vitamin B12 supplementation. Upon enrolment of their 6-11-month old children, mothers and fathers were interviewed about their socio-demographic details. In addition, their weight and height were measured by trained field workers. Each parent's BMI was calculated as the ratio of body weight (in kg) and height squared (in m), expressed as kg/m, and categorized according to the WHO recommendation. We used linear and multinomial logistic regression models to assess associations between the BMI of the mothers and fathers, and their baseline characteristics. The mean BMI was 23.7 kg/m for both the mothers and fathers with a standard deviation (SD) of 3.6 and 3.7, respectively. The proportion categorized as underweight, overweight, and obese was also similar in the two groups with around 5% being underweight, 30% being overweight and 5% being obese. Age was positively associated with BMI in both groups. Those categorized as daily wage earner had a lower mean BMI than those in other occupational groups. Our results contribute to documenting the burden of both under- and overnutrition in a selected group of young adults living in a peri-urban community in Nepal. As Nepal is undergoing an improvement in its economic situation, as well as a nutrition transition, it is important to provide sufficient information to enable timely action, and evidence-based decision-making to prevent a further increase in Nepal's growing double burden of malnutrition.
全球营养不良的双重负担有所增加，亚洲的情况尤为明显。在尼泊尔，营养不良现象已普遍存在数十年。然而如今，该国超重和肥胖（OWOB）的发生率大幅上升。有必要开展本地研究，报告成年人群中体重过轻和超重肥胖的并发负担情况。本研究通过描述尼泊尔巴克塔普尔城郊社区特定成年人群的体重指数（BMI）分布来满足这一需求。对于这项横断面分析，我们使用了来自600名女性和445名男性的数据，他们的孩子参加了一项评估每日补充维生素B12效果的个体随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验。在他们6至11个月大的孩子入组时，对父母进行了社会人口学详细信息的访谈。此外，由经过培训的现场工作人员测量他们的体重和身高。每位父母的BMI计算为体重（千克）与身高平方（米）的比值，单位为kg/m²，并根据世界卫生组织的建议进行分类。我们使用线性和多项逻辑回归模型来评估父母BMI与其基线特征之间的关联。母亲和父亲的平均BMI均为23.7kg/m²，标准差分别为3.6和3.7。两组中体重过轻、超重和肥胖的比例也相似，约5%体重过轻，30%超重，5%肥胖。两组中年龄与BMI均呈正相关。那些被归类为日薪劳动者的人的平均BMI低于其他职业组。我们的研究结果有助于记录尼泊尔城郊社区特定年轻成年人群中营养不足和营养过剩的负担情况。由于尼泊尔的经济状况正在改善，同时也在经历营养转型，提供足够信息以促使及时行动并进行基于证据的决策，对于防止尼泊尔日益加重的营养不良双重负担进一步加剧至关重要。
