Valayer Simon, Kim David, Fogtman Anna, Straube Ulrich, Winnard Andrew, Caplan Nick, Green David A, van Leeuwen Flora H P, Weber Tobias
European Space Agency (ESA), European Astronaut Center (EAC), Space Medicine Team (HRE-OM), Cologne, Germany.
Faculty of Medicine Paris VI, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
Front Nutr. 2020 Sep 18;7:584543. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.584543. eCollection 2020.
Detrimental health effects from ionizing radiation to living organisms is one of the key concerns identified and addressed by Radiation Protection institutions, nationally and internationally on Earth and for human spaceflight. Thus, new methods for mitigating the adverse effects of ionizing radiation are urgently needed for terrestrial health and deep space exploration. Caloric restriction and (intermittent-) fasting have been reported to elicit a variety of immediate and long-term physiological effects. The rapidly growing body of evidence of research studies investigating the effects of caloric restriction and dietary fasting points toward a multitude of benefits affecting numerous physiological systems. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to evaluate the evidence of caloric restriction and dietary fasting on the physiological response to ionizing radiation in humans and animals. All experimental studies of humans, animals, and eukaryotic cell lines available in PubMed, Cochrane library, and specialized databases were searched comparing irradiation post-caloric restriction or fasting to a non-nutritionally restricted control group on a broad range of outcomes from molecular to clinical responses. The initial search yielded 2,653 records. The final analysis included 11 studies. Most studies investigated survival rate or cancer occurrence in animals. Included studies did not reveal any benefit from pre exposure caloric restriction, except when performed with post radiation caloric restriction. However, the effects of pre-exposure fasting suggest increased resilience to ionizing radiation.
电离辐射对生物体产生的有害健康影响是地球上以及人类太空飞行领域国家和国际辐射防护机构所确定并解决的关键问题之一。因此，对于地球健康和深空探索而言，迫切需要新的方法来减轻电离辐射的不利影响。据报道，热量限制和（间歇性）禁食会引发各种即时和长期的生理效应。越来越多的研究证据表明，对热量限制和饮食禁食的影响进行研究，会带来影响众多生理系统的诸多益处。因此，进行了一项系统综述，以评估热量限制和饮食禁食对人类和动物电离辐射生理反应的证据。在PubMed、Cochrane图书馆和专业数据库中搜索了所有关于人类、动物和真核细胞系的实验研究，将热量限制或禁食后的辐射与非营养限制对照组在从分子到临床反应的广泛结果上进行比较。初步搜索产生了2653条记录。最终分析包括11项研究。大多数研究调查了动物的存活率或癌症发生率。纳入的研究没有发现暴露前热量限制有任何益处，除非与辐射后热量限制一起进行。然而，暴露前禁食的影响表明对电离辐射的恢复力增强。
