Seimon Radhika V, Roekenes Jessica A, Zibellini Jessica, Zhu Benjamin, Gibson Alice A, Hills Andrew P, Wood Rachel E, King Neil A, Byrne Nuala M, Sainsbury Amanda
The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia.
Centre for Nutrition and Exercise, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane QLD, 4101, Australia.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015 Dec 15;418 Pt 2:153-72. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.014. Epub 2015 Sep 16.
Energy restriction induces physiological effects that hinder further weight loss. Thus, deliberate periods of energy balance during weight loss interventions may attenuate these adaptive responses to energy restriction and thereby increase the efficiency of weight loss (i.e. the amount of weight or fat lost per unit of energy deficit). To address this possibility, we systematically searched MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PubMed and Cinahl and reviewed adaptive responses to energy restriction in 40 publications involving humans of any age or body mass index that had undergone a diet involving intermittent energy restriction, 12 with direct comparison to continuous energy restriction. Included publications needed to measure one or more of body weight, body mass index, or body composition before and at the end of energy restriction. 31 of the 40 publications involved 'intermittent fasting' of 1-7-day periods of severe energy restriction. While intermittent fasting appears to produce similar effects to continuous energy restriction to reduce body weight, fat mass, fat-free mass and improve glucose homeostasis, and may reduce appetite, it does not appear to attenuate other adaptive responses to energy restriction or improve weight loss efficiency, albeit most of the reviewed publications were not powered to assess these outcomes. Intermittent fasting thus represents a valid--albeit apparently not superior--option to continuous energy restriction for weight loss.
能量限制会引发一些生理效应，这些效应会阻碍体重的进一步减轻。因此，在减肥干预期间有意安排能量平衡期，可能会减弱对能量限制的这些适应性反应，从而提高减肥效率（即每单位能量亏空所减轻的体重或脂肪量）。为了探究这种可能性，我们系统检索了医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）、预医学文献数据库（PreMEDLINE）、PubMed和护理学与健康领域数据库（Cinahl），并回顾了40篇涉及任何年龄或体重指数的人类的出版物中对能量限制的适应性反应，这些出版物涉及经历过间歇性能量限制饮食的人群，其中12篇与持续能量限制进行了直接比较。纳入的出版物需要在能量限制前后测量体重、体重指数或身体成分中的一项或多项。40篇出版物中有31篇涉及1至7天严重能量限制期的“间歇性禁食”。虽然间歇性禁食似乎能产生与持续能量限制类似的效果，以减轻体重、脂肪量、去脂体重并改善葡萄糖稳态，且可能会降低食欲，但它似乎并不能减弱对能量限制的其他适应性反应，也不能提高减肥效率，尽管大多数被回顾的出版物没有足够的效力来评估这些结果。因此，对于减肥来说，间歇性禁食是持续能量限制的一种有效的——尽管显然并非更优的——选择。
