Lima Caroline S A de, Balogh Tatiana S, Varca Justine P R O, Varca Gustavo H C, Lugão Ademar B, A Camacho-Cruz Luis, Bucio Emilio, Kadlubowski Slawomir S
Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, No. 2242, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México CDMX 04510, Mexico.
Pharmaceutics. 2020 Oct 15;12(10):970. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100970.
Hydrogels are materials with wide applications in several fields, including the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Their properties such as the capacity of absorbing great amounts of aqueous solutions without losing shape and mechanical properties, as well as loading drugs of different nature, including hydrophobic ones and biomolecules, give an idea of their versatility and promising demand. As they have been explored in a great number of studies for years, many routes of synthesis have been developed, especially for chemical/permanent hydrogels. In the same way, stimuli-responsive hydrogels, also known as intelligent materials, have been explored too, enhancing the regulation of properties such as targeting and drug release. By controlling the particle size, hydrogel on the micro- and nanoscale have been studied likewise and have increased, even more, the possibilities for applications of the so-called XXI century materials. In this paper, we aimed to produce an overview of the recent studies concerning methods of synthesis, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications of macro-, micro, and nanogels.
水凝胶是在多个领域具有广泛应用的材料，包括生物医学和制药行业。它们具有一些特性，如能够吸收大量水溶液而不改变形状和机械性能，以及负载不同性质的药物，包括疏水性药物和生物分子，这显示了它们的多功能性和巨大的应用前景。由于多年来在大量研究中对其进行了探索，已经开发出许多合成途径，特别是对于化学/永久性水凝胶。同样，刺激响应性水凝胶，也被称为智能材料，也得到了研究，增强了对靶向和药物释放等性质的调控。通过控制粒径，微纳尺度的水凝胶也得到了研究，进一步增加了这些所谓21世纪材料的应用可能性。在本文中，我们旨在对有关宏观、微观和纳米凝胶的合成方法、生物医学和制药应用的最新研究进行综述。
