Takahashi Jacqueline A, Barbosa Bianca V R, Martins Bruna de A, P Guirlanda Christiano, A F Moura Marília
Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pres. Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pres. Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
J Fungi (Basel). 2020 Oct 15;6(4):223. doi: 10.3390/jof6040223.
Aging-associated, non-transmissible chronic diseases (NTCD) such as cancer, dyslipidemia, and neurodegenerative disorders have been challenged through several strategies including the consumption of healthy foods and the development of new drugs for existing diseases. Consumer health consciousness is guiding market trends toward the development of additives and nutraceutical products of natural origin. Fungi produce several metabolites with bioactivity against NTCD as well as pigments, dyes, antioxidants, polysaccharides, and enzymes that can be explored as substitutes for synthetic food additives. Research in this area has increased the yields of metabolites for industrial applications through improving fermentation conditions, application of metabolic engineering techniques, and fungal genetic manipulation. Several modern hyphenated techniques have impressively increased the rate of research in this area, enabling the analysis of a large number of species and fermentative conditions. This review thus focuses on summarizing the nutritional, pharmacological, and economic importance of fungi and their metabolites resulting from applications in the aforementioned areas, examples of modern techniques for optimizing the production of fungi and their metabolites, and methodologies for the identification and analysis of these compounds.
衰老相关的非传染性慢性病（NTCD），如癌症、血脂异常和神经退行性疾病，已通过多种策略受到挑战，包括食用健康食品和开发针对现有疾病的新药。消费者健康意识正引导市场趋势朝着天然来源的添加剂和营养保健品发展。真菌产生多种具有抗NTCD生物活性的代谢产物以及色素、染料、抗氧化剂、多糖和酶，这些都可作为合成食品添加剂的替代品进行探索。该领域的研究通过改善发酵条件、应用代谢工程技术和真菌基因操作，提高了工业应用中代谢产物的产量。几种现代联用技术显著提高了该领域的研究速度，能够分析大量物种和发酵条件。因此，本综述着重总结真菌及其在上述领域应用所产生的代谢产物的营养、药理和经济重要性，优化真菌及其代谢产物生产的现代技术实例，以及这些化合物的鉴定和分析方法。
