Barbieri Daniele, Gabriele Morena, Summa Martina, Colosimo Raffaele, Leonardi Donatella, Domenici Valentina, Pucci Laura
National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry Department, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Oct 15;9(10):1001. doi: 10.3390/antiox9101001.
Bee pollen is made by honey bees () from the pollen of plants and flowers and represents an apiary product enriched in essential amino acids, polyphenols, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids. This study investigated the botanical origin, micronutrient profile, and antioxidant activity of bee pollen samples ( = 10) harvested in Lucca and Massa Carrara (Tuscany, Italy) between 2016 and 2017. The palynological analysis showed that bee pollen samples were composed of nine botanical families. Front-face fluorescence spectroscopy was performed on bee pollen samples in bulk, without any treatment, and in ethanol extracts to determine the characteristic fluorescent profile and, to identify the main chemical compounds with biological activity. The main chemical compounds detected were polyphenols (mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids), hydro-soluble vitamins (B, B, B, and B), amino acids, and pigments. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was investigated, and one of the two pollens resulted in the highest polyphenols and flavonoids content (20.15 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g fw and 23.46 ± 0.08 mg CE/g fw, respectively). However, and families showed the highest in vitro (190.27 ± 8.30 µmol Fe/g) and ex vivo (54.61 ± 8.51 CAA unit) antioxidant capacity, respectively. These results suggested that Tuscan bee pollen, depending on the botanical family, is rich in essential nutrients and potential nutraceutical product.
蜂花粉是蜜蜂从植物和花朵的花粉中采集而来，是一种富含必需氨基酸、多酚、ω-3和ω-6脂肪酸的蜂产品。本研究调查了2016年至2017年期间在意大利托斯卡纳大区卢卡和马萨·卡拉拉采集的10份蜂花粉样本的植物来源、微量营养素概况和抗氧化活性。孢粉学分析表明，蜂花粉样本由9个植物科组成。对未经任何处理的散装蜂花粉样本及其乙醇提取物进行了正面荧光光谱分析，以确定其特征荧光图谱，并识别具有生物活性的主要化合物。检测到的主要化合物有多酚（主要是黄酮类化合物和酚酸）、水溶性维生素（维生素B1、B2、B6和B9）、氨基酸和色素。此外，还研究了抗氧化活性，其中两份花粉之一的多酚和黄酮类化合物含量最高（分别为20.15±0.15毫克没食子酸当量/克鲜重和23.46±0.08毫克儿茶素当量/克鲜重）。然而，菊科和豆科分别表现出最高的体外抗氧化能力（190.27±8.30微摩尔铁/克）和体内抗氧化能力（54.61±8.51抗氧化活性单位）。这些结果表明，托斯卡纳蜂花粉因植物科的不同，富含必需营养素，是潜在的营养保健品。
