Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.
Percept Mot Skills. 2021 Feb;128(1):439-466. doi: 10.1177/0031512520966522. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
This study investigated the effects of heat exposure on physical and cognitive performance during an intermittent exercise protocol so as to reflect the incremental fatigue experienced during team sports. Twelve well-trained male team sport players completed an 80-minute cycling intermittent sprint protocol (CISP), alongside computerized vigilance and congruent (i.e., simple) and incongruent (i.e., complex) Stroop tasks of cognitive functioning, in two counterbalanced temperature conditions; hot (32°C[50%rh]) and control (18°C[50%rh]). Incongruent Stroop accuracy declined over time ( = .002), specifically in the second ( -3.75, = 0.90%, = .009) and third (= -4.58, = 1.22%, = .019) quarters compared to the first quarter of the CISP; but there were no differences between temperature conditions. Congruent Stroop reaction time (RT) was quicker in the second quarter of exercise in the hot condition ( = 561.99, = 112.93 ms) compared to the control condition (=617.80, = 139.71 ms; = .022), but no differences were found for congruent Stroop accuracy nor vigilance measures. Additionally, peak power output was lower during the third quarter of the CISP in the hot condition ( = 861.31, = 105.20 W) compared to the control condition ( = 900.68, = 114.84 W; < .001). Plasma normetanephrine and metanephrine concentrations increased from pre- to post-CISP ( +616.90, = 306.99, < .001; and = +151.23, = 130.32, = .002, respectively), with a marginal interaction suggesting a higher normetanephrine increase from pre- to post-CISP in the hot versus the control condition ( = .070). Our findings suggest that accuracy for more complex decisions suffered during prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise, perhaps due to exercise-induced catecholamine increases. Athletes may have also reduced physical effort under increased heat exposure, indicating how cognitive performance may be sustained in physically demanding environments.
这项研究旨在探讨热暴露对间歇性运动过程中身体和认知表现的影响，以反映团队运动中逐渐增加的疲劳。12 名训练有素的男性团队运动运动员在两种温度条件下（热环境：32°C[50%相对湿度]和对照环境：18°C[50%相对湿度]）完成了 80 分钟的间歇冲刺协议（CISP），同时还进行了计算机化的警觉性和一致（即简单）及不一致（即复杂）斯特鲁普认知功能任务。不一致的斯特鲁普准确性随着时间的推移而下降（ = .002），特别是在 CISP 的第二（ -3.75， = 0.90%， = .009）和第三（ -4.58， = 1.22%， = .019）季度与第一季度相比；但两种温度条件之间没有差异。在热条件下，第二季度的运动中，一致的斯特鲁普反应时间（RT）更快（ = 561.99， = 112.93 ms），而在对照条件下（ = 617.80， = 139.71 ms； = .022），但在一致的斯特鲁普准确性或警觉性测量方面没有差异。此外，在热条件下，CISP 的第三季度的峰值功率输出较低（ = 861.31， = 105.20 W），而在对照条件下（ = 900.68， = 114.84 W； < .001）。血浆去甲肾上腺素和间甲肾上腺素浓度从 CISP 前到后增加（ +616.90， = 306.99， < .001； = +151.23， = 130.32， = .002），边缘交互作用表明，热条件下去甲肾上腺素的增加高于对照条件（ = .070）。我们的研究结果表明，在长时间高强度间歇运动中，更复杂决策的准确性下降，这可能是由于运动引起的儿茶酚胺增加。在高温暴露下，运动员的体力消耗可能减少，这表明在身体要求较高的环境中，认知表现如何得以维持。
