Roriz Maria, Brito João, Teixeira Filipe J, Spyrou Konstantinos, Teixeira Vitor Hugo
Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto (FCNAUP), 4150-180, Porto, Portugal.
Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal.
Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2023 Aug 22;35:101202. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101202. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Within professional European competitions, matches can be played in extreme environmental temperatures, ranging from -5 °C to +30 °C in different countries. Furthermore, the World Cups are usually played in the summer months, when temperatures can exceed 35 °C, increasing physiological stress. Practical and cost-effective cooling strategies may be implemented to help players and referees to cope with exercising in the heat. No study has evaluated the effect of non-thermal internal cooling techniques regarding performance responses on elite football referees, so far. This study aims to analyse the effects of a menthol mouth rinse regarding physical, physiological, and perceptual performance in elite male football referees, during a 90-min football protocol in the heat.
At least thirteen male football referees will be recruited to perform two intermittent football protocols, separated by no less than 7 days. After passing the eligibility criteria, the participants will be randomly assigned to 1 of 2 beverages: (1) intervention - menthol solution 0.01% and (2) placebo - noncaloric berry-flavored solution, both at room temperature. The beverages will be given before warm-up (pre-cooling) and at the half-time (per-cooling). The trials will follow a randomized counterbalanced crossover design, single blinded, and will take place in indoor facilities, with Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) > 30 °C, at the same time of the day to control for circadian variations.
The results of this study are expected to determine whether mouth rinsing a menthol solution before and during a football exercise protocol performed in the heat will alter perceptual measures and help ease physiological strain and attenuate performance decrements in elite male football referees, comparing to a non-cooling strategy. Thus, we can be closer to defining nutritional strategies of internal cooling that may be an advantage for the performance of the football referees in the heat.
www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05632692 registered on 20 November 2022.
在欧洲职业比赛中，不同国家的比赛可能在极端环境温度下进行，温度范围从零下5摄氏度到零上30摄氏度。此外，世界杯通常在夏季举行，此时温度可能超过35摄氏度，会增加生理压力。可以实施切实可行且经济高效的降温策略，以帮助球员和裁判应对在高温环境下的运动。到目前为止，尚无研究评估非热内部冷却技术对精英足球裁判运动表现反应的影响。本研究旨在分析在高温环境下进行90分钟足球测试期间，薄荷醇漱口水对精英男性足球裁判身体、生理和感知表现的影响。
至少招募13名男性足球裁判，进行两项间歇足球测试，两次测试间隔不少于7天。通过资格标准后，参与者将被随机分配到两种饮料中的一种：（1）干预组——0.01%薄荷醇溶液；（2）安慰剂组——无热量浆果味溶液，两种饮料均为室温。饮料将在热身前（预冷却）和中场休息时（再冷却）饮用。试验将采用随机平衡交叉设计，单盲，并在室内设施中进行，湿球黑球温度（WBGT）>30摄氏度，在一天中的同一时间进行，以控制昼夜变化。
本研究结果有望确定在高温环境下进行足球运动测试前和测试期间用薄荷醇溶液漱口，与非冷却策略相比，是否会改变感知指标，帮助减轻生理压力并减轻精英男性足球裁判的表现下降。因此，我们可以更接近于确定内部冷却的营养策略，这可能对高温环境下足球裁判的表现有利。
www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05632692，于2022年11月20日注册。
