Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 18;21(20):7697. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207697.
Cancer is one of the greatest public health challenges. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 9.6 million cancer deaths have been reported in 2018. The most common cancers include lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, skin (non-melanoma) and stomach cancer. The unbalance of physiological signalling pathways due to the acquisition of mutations in tumour cells is considered the most common cancer driver. The Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway is crucial for tissue development and homeostasis in all animal species and its dysregulation is one of the most relevant events linked to cancer development and dissemination. The canonical and the non-canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathways are known to control both physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Herein, the impact of the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in driving cancers from different origin has been examined. Finally, based on the impact of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) on tumour growth, invasion and chemoresistance, and their role as tumour diagnostic and prognostic tools, an overview of the current knowledge linking EVs to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also discussed.
癌症是最大的公共健康挑战之一。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，2018 年报告了 960 万例癌症死亡。最常见的癌症包括肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、前列腺癌、皮肤癌（非黑色素瘤）和胃癌。由于肿瘤细胞获得突变而导致的生理信号通路失衡被认为是最常见的癌症驱动因素。Wingless 相关整合位点（Wnt）/β-连环蛋白途径对于所有动物物种的组织发育和内稳态至关重要，其失调是与癌症发展和扩散相关的最相关事件之一。经典和非经典的 Wnt/β-连环蛋白途径被认为可以控制生理和病理过程，包括癌症。本文研究了 Wnt/β-连环蛋白级联在驱动不同起源的癌症中的作用。最后，基于细胞外囊泡（EVs）对肿瘤生长、侵袭和化疗耐药性的影响，以及它们作为肿瘤诊断和预后工具的作用，本文还讨论了 EVs 与 Wnt/β-连环蛋白途径的最新知识联系。
