Noval S, Zafra B, De Manuel S, Contreras I
Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Ophthalmology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Irycis, Rementería Clinic, Madrid, Spain.
J Ophthalmol. 2020 Oct 1;2020:6820454. doi: 10.1155/2020/6820454. eCollection 2020.
To describe the epidemiology of ocular emergencies in children in a hospital-based emergency room (ER).
The medical reports of all children, 14 years of age and younger, who attended La Paz University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) ER from September 2015 to August 2016 were prospectively collected. Demographic data, origin, symptom for consultation, diagnostic tests, final diagnosis, and final referral of patients were recorded.
A total of 774 children were attended: 57% boys and 43% girls. Mean age was 5 years (SD 4.10 years, range 0-14 years) without significant differences between sexes. Most children went to the ER because parents or teachers took the decision (75%), 24% were referred from the paediatric ER for evaluation, and 0.78% were referred from another hospital or by an out-clinic ophthalmologist. The reasons for consultation were red eyes (61%), traumatism (17%), referred from the paediatrician to have the fundus explored in children with headache (7%), eyelids problems (7%), and visual loss (7%). The most frequent diagnoses were infectious conjunctivitis (29%), corneal erosion (17%), normal examination (15%), and allergic conjunctivitis (13%). The most severe cases (visual loss, acute strabismus, and leucocoria) were referred by the paediatricians and represented 4.65% of the total patients. Visits occurred more frequently during the third trimester of the year (July-September), with a higher incidence of eye trauma in summer.
Infectious conjunctivitis was the most frequent pathology. It is necessary to increase public awareness about the symptoms, the way of transmission, and treatment. Ocular trauma was also a common cause of presentation and the majority were contusional and mild. There is also a need for education of parents, teachers, and coaches regarding the potential for eye injuries. Ophthalmologists and paediatricians must take an active role in educating people about the prophylactic measures to prevent eye injuries in children.
描述一家医院急诊室中儿童眼部急症的流行病学情况。
前瞻性收集了2015年9月至2016年8月期间在西班牙马德里拉巴斯大学医院急诊室就诊的所有14岁及以下儿童的医疗报告。记录了患者的人口统计学数据、来源、就诊症状、诊断检查、最终诊断及最终转诊情况。
共诊治774名儿童，其中男孩占57%，女孩占43%。平均年龄为5岁（标准差4.10岁，范围0 - 14岁），性别间无显著差异。大多数儿童前往急诊室是因为家长或教师做出了决定（75%），24%是从儿科急诊室转诊来进行评估的，0.78%是从其他医院或由门诊眼科医生转诊来的。就诊原因包括眼红（61%）、外伤（17%）、儿科医生转诊来对头痛儿童进行眼底检查（7%）、眼睑问题（7%）以及视力丧失（7%）。最常见的诊断为感染性结膜炎（29%）、角膜擦伤（17%）、检查正常（15%）以及过敏性结膜炎（13%）。最严重的病例（视力丧失、急性斜视和白瞳症）由儿科医生转诊，占总患者的4.65%。就诊在一年中的第三季度（7 - 9月）更为频繁，夏季眼外伤发生率较高。
感染性结膜炎是最常见的病症。有必要提高公众对其症状、传播方式及治疗方法的认识。眼外伤也是常见的就诊原因，且大多数为钝挫伤且程度较轻。还需要对家长、教师和教练进行有关眼外伤可能性的教育。眼科医生和儿科医生必须积极参与对人们进行预防儿童眼外伤的预防措施教育。
