Danayiyen Aysun, Kavsur Zeynep, Baysan Semra
Faculty of Health Sciences, Okan University, Tuzla, İstanbul, Turkey.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Maltepe, İstanbul, Turkey.
Z Gesundh Wiss. 2022;30(5):1163-1170. doi: 10.1007/s10389-020-01396-8. Epub 2020 Oct 15.
The main theme in health behavior theories is that risk perception goes hand in hand with knowledge of the disease, perceived effects, and perceived controllability of the disease. This study aims to investigate the impact of all those variables on protective and social solidarity behaviors concerning COVID-19.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the early stages of the outbreak in Turkey. Data were collected between April 1 and April 6, 2020, via an online survey. The reliability of the scales was tested. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine construct validity. SEM analysis was employed to determine the model.
SEM analysis indicates that fit indices (χ2 = 4.108 df = 2; χ2/df = 2.05; RMSEA = 0.04; CFI = 0.99; GFI = 0.99; PCLOSE = 0.545) were good model fits. The structural analysis indicated that the comprehensibility of information, perceived effects and controllability of the disease, and social solidarity had a statistically significant direct positive effect on protective behavior (β = 0.133, < 0.001; β = 0.399, < 0.001; β = 0.084, < 0.001; β = 0.171, < 0.001, respectively).
A health behavior model in the literature was evaluated with the data for a society facing a pandemic risk, and it was shown that the data fit the model perfectly. The study has revealed that understanding the information about COVID-19 increases social solidarity. Most importantly, it is concluded that social solidarity increases society's protective behaviors. Participants did not find COVID-19-related information to be comprehensible. Despite disease uncertainty in the early stage of the pandemic, participants had a high perception of the severity of COVID-19.
健康行为理论的主要观点是，风险认知与疾病知识、感知到的疾病影响以及对疾病的可控性密切相关。本研究旨在调查所有这些变量对新冠肺炎防护和社会团结行为的影响。
本横断面研究在土耳其疫情爆发初期进行。2020年4月1日至4月6日期间通过在线调查收集数据。对量表的信度进行了检验。采用探索性因子分析来检验结构效度。运用结构方程模型（SEM）分析来确定模型。
结构方程模型分析表明，拟合指数（χ2 = 4.108，自由度df = 2；χ2/df = 2.05；RMSEA = 0.04；CFI = 0.99；GFI = 0.99；PCLOSE = 0.545）显示模型拟合良好。结构分析表明，信息的可理解性、感知到的疾病影响和可控性以及社会团结对防护行为具有统计学上显著的直接正向影响（β分别为0.133，P < 0.001；β为0.399，P < 0.001；β为0.084，P < 0.001；β为0.171，P < 0.001）。
利用面临大流行风险的社会的数据对文献中的一个健康行为模型进行了评估，结果表明数据与该模型完美契合。该研究表明，对新冠肺炎信息的理解会增强社会团结。最重要的是，得出的结论是社会团结会增加社会的防护行为。参与者认为与新冠肺炎相关的信息难以理解。尽管在疫情初期疾病存在不确定性，但参与者对新冠肺炎的严重性有较高认知。
