Harati Bahram, Shahtaheri Seyed Jamaleddin, Yousefi Hossein Ali, Harati Ali, Askari Ali, Abdolmohamadi Nabi
Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Public Health. 2020 Jul;49(7):1330-1338. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3587.
Air pollution have led to severe problem of adverse health effect in the world. This study aimed to conduct the health risk assessment, cancer risk analysis, and non-cancer risk for exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulfide (H S) in petrochemical industry.
In this cross-sectional research, 123 samples were collected in the ambient air in Iran during winter 2016. For sampling and analysis of VOCs and H S, 3 methods (numbers 1500, 1501, and 6013) presented by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) were used. For determination of risk assessment of chemical pollutants, semi-quantitative method presented by the Occupational Safety and Health Division, Singapore was used. Finally, for calculation of cancer risk analysis, Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and calculation of non-cancer risk, Exposure Concentration (EC) were used.
Average concentration of benzene (2.12±0.95) in breathing zone of workers were higher than the Threshold Limit Values-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) (<0.05). Among chemical substance, benzene had very high rank of risk in petrochemical industry. Rank of risk for H S, toluene, and xylene present in the breathing zone of workers was low. The mean cancer risk for workers exposed to benzene was estimated 8.78×10 in other words, 8.7 cancer per 1000 i.e. higher than the acceptable standard of 10. In our study, non-cancer risk for BTX was higher than the acceptable standard of 1.
In particular, overall cancer and toxic risk can be associated with long term exposure to benzene.
空气污染已在全球导致严重的不良健康影响问题。本研究旨在对石化行业中挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和硫化氢（H₂S）暴露进行健康风险评估、癌症风险分析和非癌症风险评估。
在这项横断面研究中，2016年冬季于伊朗采集了123份环境空气样本。对于VOCs和H₂S的采样与分析，使用了美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）提出的3种方法（编号1500、1501和6013）。对于化学污染物风险评估的测定，采用了新加坡职业安全与健康司提出的半定量方法。最后，对于癌症风险分析的计算，使用了慢性每日摄入量（CDI），对于非癌症风险的计算，使用了暴露浓度（EC）。
工人呼吸带中苯的平均浓度（2.12±0.95）高于阈限值 - 时间加权平均值（TLV - TWA）（<0.05）。在化学物质中，苯在石化行业的风险等级非常高。工人呼吸带中H₂S、甲苯和二甲苯的风险等级较低。接触苯的工人的平均癌症风险估计为8.78×10⁻⁶，换句话说，每1000人中有8.7例癌症，即高于可接受标准10⁻⁶。在我们的研究中，BTX的非癌症风险高于可接受标准1。
特别是，总体癌症和毒性风险可能与长期接触苯有关。
