Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Center for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Moulis, France.
Glob Chang Biol. 2021 Jan;27(2):257-269. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15395. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
Temperature has numerous effects on the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. Yet, there is no general trend or consensus on the magnitude and directions of these effects. To fill this gap, we propose a mechanistic framework based on key biological rates that predicts how temperature influences biomass distribution and trophic control in food webs. We show that these predictions arise from thermal mismatches between biological rates and across trophic levels. We couple our theory with experimental data for a wide range of species and find that warming should lead to top-heavier terrestrial food chains and stronger top-down control in aquatic environments. We then derive predictions for the effects of temperature on herbivory and validate them with data on stream grazers. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation of thermal effects on consumer-resource systems which is crucial to better understand the biogeography and the consequences of global warming on trophic dynamics.
温度对生态群落的结构和动态有诸多影响。然而，对于这些影响的幅度和方向，并没有普遍的趋势或共识。为了填补这一空白，我们提出了一个基于关键生物率的机制框架，预测温度如何影响食物网中生物量的分布和营养级控制。我们表明，这些预测源于生物率之间以及营养级之间的热不匹配。我们将我们的理论与广泛物种的实验数据相结合，发现变暖应该导致陆地食物链更加头重脚轻，水生环境中的自上而下的控制更强。然后，我们推导出温度对食草作用的影响，并利用溪流食草动物的数据对其进行验证。我们的研究为消费者-资源系统的热效应提供了一个机制解释，这对于更好地理解生物地理学和全球变暖对营养动态的影响至关重要。
