Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021 Oct;133(19-20):1004-1011. doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01751-5. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common in the general population, affects the quality of life (QoL), and is suspected to cause depression. Long-term outcome data are lacking and there is a need to improve patient counselling regarding prognosis. We aimed to assess subjective long-term recovery rates, the QoL, and mood disturbance in a group of 65 patients, who were affected with OD.
Out of 325 patients treated for OD between 2003 and 2009 at a smell and taste clinic, 65 patients were included for a follow-up after an average of 8.6 years. A total of 28 patients answered questionnaires only and 37 patients were provided with an additional smell identification test. Among others, questionnaires included a short form of the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Beck's depression inventory.
In the long run, subjective improvement was stated in 33.8% of all patients, with the highest rate of 42.3% in patients with postinfectious OD. The subjective rating of olfactory function on a visual analogue scale was significantly higher at study follow-up compared to first clinical contact (median 1.25 vs. 4.5; U = 469.5, p = 0.001), as were mean identification scores (6.0 ± 3.0 vs. 8.0 ± 4.0, t(18) = 2.51, p = 0.021). The QoL in general was considered reduced in 40% of all patients at follow-up. Furthermore, participants exhibited only minor, if any, depressive symptoms.
Despite negative effects of OD on certain activities in daily life, such as cooking, detecting spoiled food, or personal hygiene, it seems that the patients included in this study adapted to the OD in the long-term. The current findings should aid clinicians in patient counselling.
嗅觉障碍（OD）在普通人群中很常见，会影响生活质量（QoL），并且据推测会导致抑郁。目前缺乏长期预后的数据，因此需要改善患者对预后的咨询。我们旨在评估一组 65 名 OD 患者的主观长期恢复率、生活质量和情绪障碍。
在 2003 年至 2009 年期间，在一个嗅觉和味觉诊所治疗了 325 名 OD 患者，其中 65 名患者在平均 8.6 年后进行了随访。共有 28 名患者仅回答了问卷，37 名患者接受了额外的嗅觉识别测试。其中，问卷包括世界卫生组织生活质量问卷（WHOQOL-BREF）短表和贝克抑郁量表。
从长远来看，所有患者中有 33.8%表示有所改善，其中感染后 OD 患者的改善率最高，为 42.3%。与首次临床接触相比，研究随访时患者对嗅觉功能的主观评分在视觉模拟量表上显著提高（中位数 1.25 对 4.5；U=469.5，p=0.001），平均识别分数也显著提高（6.0±3.0 对 8.0±4.0，t（18）=2.51，p=0.021）。在随访时，所有患者中有 40%的人认为自己的生活质量降低。此外，参与者只有轻微的抑郁症状，如果有的话。
尽管 OD 对日常生活中的某些活动（如烹饪、察觉变质食物或个人卫生）有负面影响，但参与本研究的患者似乎在长期内适应了 OD。目前的研究结果应该有助于临床医生为患者提供咨询。
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