School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 31;18(17):9212. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179212.
In China, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used in indoor environments. However, there is little information regarding the internal and external exposure of university students to OPEs. Therefore, in this study, nine OPEs and eight OPE metabolites (mOPEs) were measured in indoor dust and atmospheric PM samples from a university campus in Shanghai, as well as in urine samples collected from the university students. The total concentration of OPEs in the indoor dust in female dormitories (1420 ng/g) was approximately twice that in male dormitories (645 ng/g). In terms of indoor PM, the highest OPE concentration was found in meeting rooms (105 ng/m, on average), followed by chemical laboratories (51.2 ng/m), dormitories (44.9 ng/m), and offices (34.9 ng/m). The total concentrations of the eight mOPEs ranged from 279 pg/mL to 14,000 pg/mL, with a geometric mean value of 1590 pg/mL. The estimated daily intake values based on the indoor dust and PM OPE samples (external exposure) were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than that deduced from the concentration of urinary mOPEs (internal exposure), indicating that dermal contact, dust ingestion, and inhalation do not contribute significantly to OPE exposure in the general population. Moreover, additional exposure routes lead to the accumulation of OPEs in the human body.
在中国，有机磷酸酯（OPEs）被广泛应用于室内环境中。然而，有关大学生体内和体外接触 OPEs 的信息却很少。因此，在本研究中，我们测量了上海某大学校园内室内灰尘和大气颗粒物（PM）样本以及大学生尿液样本中的九种 OPEs 和八种 OPE 代谢物（mOPEs）。女宿舍内 OPEs 的总浓度（1420ng/g）约为男宿舍（645ng/g）的两倍。就室内 PM 而言，会议室内的 OPE 浓度最高（平均为 105ng/m），其次是化学实验室（51.2ng/m）、宿舍（44.9ng/m）和办公室（34.9ng/m）。八种 mOPEs 的总浓度范围为 279pg/mL 至 14,000pg/mL，几何平均值为 1590pg/mL。基于室内灰尘和 PM OPE 样本（体外暴露）的估计每日摄入量值比基于尿液 mOPEs 浓度（体内暴露）推断的值低 1 至 2 个数量级，这表明皮肤接触、灰尘摄入和吸入对一般人群中 OPE 暴露的贡献不大。此外，还有其他暴露途径会导致 OPEs 在人体内积累。
