Van Egroo Maxime, Gaggioni Giulia, Cespedes-Ortiz Cristian, Ly Julien Q M, Vandewalle Gilles
GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Bâtiment B30, Allée du VI Août, 8, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Clocks Sleep. 2019 May 10;1(2):240-258. doi: 10.3390/clockssleep1020021. eCollection 2019 Jun.
Pupil size informs about sympathovagal balance as well as cognitive and affective processes, and perception. It is also directly linked to phasic activity of the brainstem locus coeruleus, so that pupil measures have gained recent attention. Steady-state pupil size and its variability have been directly linked to sleep homeostasis and circadian phase, but results have been inconsistent. Here, we report robust changes in steady-state pupil size during 29 h of continuous wakefulness in healthy young men ( = 20; 18-30 years old) maintained in dim-light in strictly controlled constant routine conditions. These variations were associated with variations in motivation and sustained attention performance. Pupil size variability did not significantly change during the protocol. Yet, pupil size variability was linearly associated with subjective fatigue, sociability, and anguish. No associations were found between neither steady-state pupil size nor pupil size variability, and objective EEG measure of alertness and subjective sleepiness. Our data support therefore the notion that, compared with its variability, steady-state pupil size is strongly influenced by the concomitant changes in sleep need and circadian phase. In addition, steady-state pupil size appears to be related to motivation and attention, while its variability may be related to separate affective dimensions and subjective fatigue.
瞳孔大小反映了交感神经与副交感神经的平衡以及认知、情感过程和感知。它还与脑干蓝斑的相位活动直接相关，因此瞳孔测量最近受到了关注。稳态瞳孔大小及其变异性与睡眠稳态和昼夜节律相位直接相关，但结果并不一致。在此，我们报告了在严格控制的恒定日常条件下，健康年轻男性（n = 20；18 - 30岁）在昏暗灯光下持续清醒29小时期间，稳态瞳孔大小发生了显著变化。这些变化与动机和持续注意力表现的变化相关。在实验过程中，瞳孔大小变异性没有显著变化。然而，瞳孔大小变异性与主观疲劳、社交能力和痛苦呈线性相关。在稳态瞳孔大小和瞳孔大小变异性与警觉性的客观脑电图测量以及主观嗜睡之间均未发现关联。因此，我们的数据支持这样一种观点，即与变异性相比，稳态瞳孔大小受睡眠需求和昼夜节律相位的伴随变化强烈影响。此外，稳态瞳孔大小似乎与动机和注意力有关，而其变异性可能与不同的情感维度和主观疲劳有关。
