School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2021 May;40(4):597-606. doi: 10.1111/dar.13201. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
Youth substance use is declining in many high-income countries. As adolescent substance use becomes less common, it may concentrate in higher-risk groups. This paper aims to examine how the psychosocial characteristics of young substance users in England have changed over time.
Annual cross-sectional data from the 2001-2014 Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use Among Young People in England survey are analysed (n = 112 792, age: 11-15). Logistic and Poisson regression analyses are used to test whether the sex, socioeconomic status (SES) and prevalence of truancy and exclusion from school of those who drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes, take cannabis, take other drugs and engage in poly-substance use changed across the study period.
Use of all substances decreased and there were shifts in the psychosocial characteristics of young smokers, illicit drug users and poly-substance users. The proportion of current smokers and ever-users of cannabis of low SES and who had been excluded increased significantly between 2001/2003-2014. The proportion of last month drug users who had been excluded from school also increased significantly and there were increases in the proportion of polysubstance-users who had truanted and been excluded. The proportion of low SES alcohol users who had been excluded also increased significantly, but this change was very small. There was no evidence of substance use becoming more or less concentrated in one gender.
There is some evidence that smoking, illicit drug use and poly-substance use are becoming more concentrated in potentially at risk populations. There is limited evidence of concentration amongst young drinkers.
在许多高收入国家，青少年物质滥用的情况正在减少。随着青少年物质滥用变得不那么普遍，它可能会集中在高风险群体中。本文旨在研究英国年轻物质使用者的社会心理特征随时间的变化。
对 2001-2014 年“英国青少年吸烟、饮酒和吸毒调查”（n = 112792，年龄：11-15 岁）的年度横断面数据进行分析。使用逻辑和泊松回归分析来检验在研究期间，饮酒、吸烟、使用大麻、使用其他药物和多药物使用的青少年中，性别、社会经济地位（SES）和逃学、被学校开除的比例是否发生了变化。
所有物质的使用率都下降了，而且青少年吸烟者、非法药物使用者和多药物使用者的社会心理特征也发生了变化。低 SES 的当前吸烟者和曾经使用过大麻的人的比例，以及被开除的人的比例，在 2001/2003 年至 2014 年期间显著增加。上个月被学校开除的药物使用者的比例也显著增加，逃学和被开除的多药物使用者的比例也有所增加。被开除的低 SES 饮酒者的比例也显著增加，但这一变化非常小。没有证据表明物质使用在某一性别中变得更加集中或不那么集中。
有一些证据表明，吸烟、非法药物使用和多药物使用正在集中在潜在的高危人群中。在年轻饮酒者中，集中的证据有限。
