Stevely Abigail K, Vashishtha Rakhi, Fairbrother Hannah, Fenton Laura, Henney Madeleine, Livingston Michael, Holmes John
Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Eur J Public Health. 2022 Jun 1;32(3):354-359. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac029.
Changes in adolescents' attitudes towards school are a potential explanation for recent declines in young people's alcohol consumption. However, this has not been tested using multi-national survey data, which would permit stronger causal inferences by ruling out other country-specific explanations. This study, therefore, uses an international survey of schoolchildren to examine the associations between changing attitudes towards school and adolescent alcohol consumption.
We used data from 247 325 15-year-olds across 37 countries participating in four waves of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2001/02-2013/14). Attitudes towards school were assessed using two measures-self-reported pressure from schoolwork and whether respondents like school. Outcome measures were weekly alcohol consumption and having been drunk twice in one's lifetime. We used whole population and gender-specific hierarchical linear probability models to assess the relationship between attitudes and alcohol outcomes within countries over time.
Country-level changes over time in liking school were not associated with changes in alcohol consumption. However, a 10% increase in feeling pressured by schoolwork was associated with a 1.8% decline in drunkenness [95% confidence interval (CI): -3.2% to -0.3%] and weakly associated with a 1.7% decline in weekly drinking (95% CI: -3.6% to 0.2%). Among girls only, increases in feeling pressured by schoolwork were associated with a 2.1% decline in weekly drinking (95% CI: -3.7% to -0.6%) and a 2.4% decline in drunkenness (95% CI: -3.8% to -1.1%).
Changes in attitudes towards school may have played a minor role in the decline in alcohol consumption among adolescent girls only.
青少年对学校态度的变化可能是近期年轻人酒精消费量下降的一个原因。然而，尚未使用多国调查数据对此进行检验，多国调查数据通过排除其他特定国家的解释，能得出更强有力的因果推断。因此，本研究采用对学童的国际调查，以检验对学校态度的变化与青少年酒精消费之间的关联。
我们使用了来自37个国家的247325名15岁青少年的数据，这些数据来自参与四轮学龄儿童健康行为研究（2001/02 - 2013/14）。对学校的态度通过两项指标进行评估——自我报告的学业压力以及受访者是否喜欢学校。结果指标为每周饮酒量以及一生中曾醉酒两次。我们使用总体人群和按性别分类的分层线性概率模型，来评估各国随时间推移态度与酒精消费结果之间的关系。
随时间推移，国家层面上喜欢学校程度的变化与酒精消费的变化无关。然而，学业压力感增加10%与醉酒率下降1.8%相关[95%置信区间（CI）：-3.2%至-0.3%]，与每周饮酒量下降1.7%弱相关（95% CI：-3.6%至0.2%）。仅在女孩中，学业压力感的增加与每周饮酒量下降2.1%（95% CI：-3.7%至-0.6%）以及醉酒率下降2.4%（95% CI：-3.8%至-1.1%）相关。
对学校态度的变化可能仅在青少年女孩酒精消费下降中起到了较小作用。
