Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Addiction. 2020 Jan;115(1):145-155. doi: 10.1111/add.14761. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
To (1) identify population-level classes of polysubstance use among young Australians between 2004 and 2016, (2) test if these classes changed over the same period, in terms of class prevalence and probabilities of substance use within each class, and (3) identify demographic and health-related correlates of polysubstance use.
Repeated cross-sectional nationally representative household surveys.
All Australian states/territories.
Young adult samples (aged 18-30 years; 58% females) from the National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (n = 20 350) MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were the extent of past-year use of 10 licit (e.g. alcohol), and illicit substances (e.g. cannabis) were used to derive polysubstance use classes. The correlates were gender, age, psychological distress, general health, language background, personal income, education level, remoteness of residence and socio-economic index for area of residence.
Three polysubstance use classes were consistently identified between 2004 and 2016 (SSABIC: 188349): minimal users (MU, ~60%), mainly tobacco, alcohol and cannabis users (TAC, ~30%) and extended range polysubstance users (POLY, ~10%). There were substantial changes in use of different substances within each class over the study period. For example, smoking decreased in all classes (P < 0.05), while harmful alcohol use only decreased in the first two classes (P < 0.05). Factors associated with TAC and POLY were similar over the study period. These included: being male and having an English-speaking background, a high level of psychological distress, suboptimal health and high personal income. Living in an affluent area was associated with reduced likelihood of being TAC, but an increased likelihood of being POLY.
At the population-level among young Australians between 2004 and 2016, six in 10 did not engage in polysubstance use; four in 10 used a limited range of substances (mainly alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) and one in 10 used an extended range of substances. Over time, the types of substance within the extended polysubstance use class changed substantially.
（1）确定 2004 年至 2016 年间澳大利亚年轻人中多物质使用的人群水平类别，（2）检验这些类别在同一时期是否发生了变化，包括类别流行率和每个类别的物质使用概率，以及（3）确定多物质使用的人口统计学和健康相关关联。
重复的全国代表性家庭调查。
澳大利亚所有州/领地。
来自国家药物策略家庭调查的年轻成人样本（年龄 18-30 岁；女性占 58%）（n=20350）
过去一年使用 10 种合法（如酒精）和非法物质（如大麻）的程度用于确定多物质使用类别。相关因素包括性别、年龄、心理困扰、一般健康状况、语言背景、个人收入、教育程度、居住地点的偏远程度和居住地区的社会经济指数。
2004 年至 2016 年期间始终确定了三种多物质使用类别（SSABIC：188349）：最低使用量（MU，约 60%），主要是烟草、酒精和大麻使用者（TAC，约 30%）和广泛使用多物质使用者（POLY，约 10%）。在研究期间，每个类别的不同物质的使用情况都发生了很大变化。例如，所有类别的吸烟量都减少了（P<0.05），而有害饮酒量仅在前两个类别中减少（P<0.05）。与 TAC 和 POLY 相关的因素在整个研究期间相似。这些因素包括：男性和英语背景、高水平的心理困扰、健康状况不佳和高个人收入。生活在富裕地区与降低成为 TAC 的可能性相关，但增加成为 POLY 的可能性。
在 2004 年至 2016 年期间，澳大利亚年轻人中，十分之六的人没有参与多物质使用；十分之四的人使用有限范围的物质（主要是酒精、烟草和大麻），十分之一的人使用广泛范围的物质。随着时间的推移，扩展的多物质使用类别的物质类型发生了很大变化。
