Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Nutrients. 2020 Oct 20;12(10):3200. doi: 10.3390/nu12103200.
Dietary fibers are fermented by gut bacteria into the major short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Generally, fiber-rich diets are believed to improve metabolic health. However, recent studies suggest that long-term supplementation with fibers causes changes in hepatic bile acid metabolism, hepatocyte damage, and hepatocellular cancer in dysbiotic mice. Alterations in hepatic bile acid metabolism have also been reported after cold-induced activation of brown adipose tissue. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of short-term dietary inulin supplementation on liver cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in control and cold housed specific pathogen free wild type (WT) mice. We found that short-term inulin feeding lowered plasma cholesterol levels and provoked cholestasis and mild liver damage in WT mice. Of note, inulin feeding caused marked perturbations in bile acid metabolism, which were aggravated by cold treatment. Our studies indicate that even relatively short periods of inulin consumption in mice with an intact gut microbiome have detrimental effects on liver metabolism and function.
膳食纤维被肠道细菌发酵成主要的短链脂肪酸（SCFAs），包括乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐。一般来说，富含纤维的饮食被认为可以改善代谢健康。然而，最近的研究表明，长期补充纤维会导致肠道菌群失调的小鼠肝胆汁酸代谢、肝细胞损伤和肝癌发生变化。冷诱导激活棕色脂肪组织后，也会报告肝胆汁酸代谢的改变。在这里，我们旨在研究短期膳食菊粉补充对对照和冷处理无菌野生型（WT）小鼠肝脏胆固醇和胆汁酸代谢的影响。我们发现，短期菊粉喂养降低了血浆胆固醇水平，并在 WT 小鼠中引起胆汁淤积和轻微肝损伤。值得注意的是，菊粉喂养导致胆汁酸代谢明显紊乱，而冷处理则加剧了这种紊乱。我们的研究表明，即使在肠道微生物组完整的小鼠中，相对较短时间的菊粉摄入也会对肝脏代谢和功能产生有害影响。
