Datta Pallab, Dhawan Aman, Yu Yin, Hayes Dan, Gudapati Hemanth, Ozbolat Ibrahim T
Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India.
Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Int J Bioprint. 2017 Jul 7;3(2):007. doi: 10.18063/IJB.2017.02.007. eCollection 2017.
Osteochondral tissue regeneration has remained a critical challenge in orthopaedic surgery, especially due to complications of arthritic degeneration arising out of mechanical dislocations of joints. The common gold standard of autografting has several limitations in presenting tissue engineering strategies to solve the unmet clinical need. However, due to the complexity of joint anatomy, and tissue heterogeneity at the interface, the conventional tissue engineering strategies have certain limitations. The advent of bioprinting has now provided new opportunities for osteochondral tissue engineering. Bioprinting can uniquely mimic the heterogeneous cellular composition and anisotropic extra-cellular matrix (ECM) organization, while allowing for targeted gene delivery to achieve heterotypic differentiation. In this perspective, we discuss the current advances made towards bioprinting of composite osteochondral tissues and present an account of challenges-in terms of tissue integration, long-term survival, and mechanical strength at the time of implantation-required to be addressed for effective clinical translation of bioprinted tissues. Finally, we highlight some of the future trends related to osteochondral bioprinting with the hope of in-clinical translation.
骨软骨组织再生一直是骨科手术中的一项严峻挑战，尤其是由于关节机械性脱位引发的关节炎退变并发症。自体移植这一常用的金标准在提出组织工程策略以满足未被满足的临床需求方面存在若干局限性。然而，由于关节解剖结构的复杂性以及界面处组织的异质性，传统的组织工程策略存在一定局限性。生物打印技术的出现为骨软骨组织工程带来了新机遇。生物打印能够独特地模拟异质性细胞组成和各向异性细胞外基质（ECM）结构，同时允许进行靶向基因递送以实现异型分化。从这个角度出发，我们讨论了复合骨软骨组织生物打印的当前进展，并阐述了为使生物打印组织有效转化为临床应用而需要解决的挑战，包括组织整合、长期存活以及植入时的机械强度等方面。最后，我们强调了一些与骨软骨生物打印相关的未来趋势，以期实现临床转化。
