Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2020 Nov;15(26):2625-2641. doi: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0256. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released especially by cancer cells. They modulate the tumor microenvironment by interacting with immune cells while carrying immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory molecules. In this review, we will explore some conflicting reports regarding the immunological outcomes of EVs in cancer progression, in which they might initiate an antitumor immune response or an immunosuppressive response. Concerning immunosuppression, the role of tumor-derived EVs' in the adenosinergic system is underexplored. The enhancement of adenosine (ADO) levels in the tumor microenvironment impairs T-cell function and cytokine release. However, some tumor-derived EVs may deliver immunostimulatory factors, promoting immunogenic activity, even with ADO production. The modulatory role of ADO over the tumor progression represents a piece in an intricate microenvironment with anti and pro tumoral seesaw-like mechanisms.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）主要由癌细胞释放。它们通过与免疫细胞相互作用，携带免疫抑制或免疫刺激分子，从而调节肿瘤微环境。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨一些关于 EVs 在癌症进展中免疫结果的相互矛盾的报告，其中 EVs 可能引发抗肿瘤免疫反应或免疫抑制反应。关于免疫抑制，肿瘤衍生 EVs 在腺苷能系统中的作用尚未得到充分探索。肿瘤微环境中腺苷（ADO）水平的升高会损害 T 细胞功能和细胞因子释放。然而，一些肿瘤衍生的 EVs 可能会传递免疫刺激因子，促进免疫原性活性，即使有 ADO 的产生。ADO 在肿瘤进展中的调节作用代表了一个复杂的微环境中的一个环节，其中存在着抗肿瘤和促肿瘤的跷跷板机制。
