埃塞俄比亚的居住环境与年轻女性的综合艾滋病知识。
Residence and young women's comprehensive HIV knowledge in Ethiopia.
机构信息
Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences Woldia University, P.O.Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2020 Oct 23;20(1):1603. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09687-1.
BACKGROUND
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global health problem. The epidemic is very serious in sub-Saharan Africa with approximately 70% of the global cases. The disease particularly affects youth, accounting for half of the new HIV infections yearly. Inadequate knowledge may contribute to the high rates among youth. Hence, the main aim of this study was to examine the association between residence and comprehensive HIV knowledge among women aged 15-24 years in Ethiopia.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey (n = 5926). Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression modeling were performed.
RESULTS
Approximately 23.9% of the study participants had a comprehensive HIV knowledge and 74.7% were rural residents. In the multivariable-adjusted model, we found a significant interaction between place of residence and HIV testing on comprehensive HIV knowledge (P for interaction = 0.005). In the subgroup analysis, a statistically significant associations between place of residence and comprehensive HIV knowledge was found only in women who have never been tested for HIV. In this subgroup, rural women had lower odds of having a comprehensive HIV knowledge compared to their urban counterparts (OR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.74; P = 0.003). Furthermore, in the subgroup of women who have never been tested for HIV, education and region were significantly associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge. Compared to women with no education, the odds of having a comprehensive HIV knowledge were higher in women who had primary (OR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.63-5.02; P < 0.001) and secondary or above education (OR 5.49, 95% CI: 2.92-10.32; P < 0.001), respectively. The odds of having a comprehensive HIV knowledge were lower in women from the Somali region compared to women from Addis Ababa region (OR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18-0.90; P = 0.027).
CONCLUSIONS
Rural residence was negatively associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge only in women who have never been tested for HIV. These findings suggest that the development and implementation HIV education and awareness programs should target rural areas, especially where there is limited access to HIV testing.
背景
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染是一个全球性的健康问题。在撒哈拉以南非洲，HIV 感染的流行情况非常严重，约占全球病例的 70%。该疾病尤其影响年轻人，占每年新感染 HIV 人数的一半。知识不足可能是导致年轻人感染率高的原因之一。因此，本研究的主要目的是调查埃塞俄比亚 15-24 岁女性的居住地与综合 HIV 知识之间的关联。
方法
本横断面研究使用了 2016 年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查的全国代表性数据（n=5926）。采用卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归模型进行分析。
结果
约 23.9%的研究参与者具有全面的 HIV 知识，74.7%为农村居民。在多变量调整模型中，我们发现居住地和 HIV 检测之间的交互作用对综合 HIV 知识有显著影响（P 交互作用=0.005）。在亚组分析中，仅在从未接受过 HIV 检测的女性中，居住地与综合 HIV 知识之间存在统计学显著关联。在这个亚组中，农村女性与城市女性相比，获得全面 HIV 知识的可能性较低（OR 0.42，95%CI：0.23-0.74；P=0.003）。此外，在从未接受过 HIV 检测的女性亚组中，教育程度和地区与综合 HIV 知识显著相关。与未受过教育的女性相比，接受过小学（OR 2.86，95%CI：1.63-5.02；P<0.001）和中学及以上教育（OR 5.49，95%CI：2.92-10.32；P<0.001）的女性获得全面 HIV 知识的可能性更高。与来自亚的斯亚贝巴地区的女性相比，来自索马里地区的女性获得全面 HIV 知识的可能性较低（OR 0.41，95%CI：0.18-0.90；P=0.027）。
结论
仅在从未接受过 HIV 检测的女性中，农村居住与全面 HIV 知识呈负相关。这些发现表明，应针对农村地区，特别是那些获得 HIV 检测机会有限的地区，制定和实施 HIV 教育和宣传计划。
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