Intra Performance Group, London, UK.
Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK.
Br J Sports Med. 2021 Apr;55(8):416. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101961. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
Football is a global game which is constantly evolving, showing substantial increases in physical and technical demands. Nutrition plays a valuable integrated role in optimising performance of elite players during training and match-play, and maintaining their overall health throughout the season. An evidence-based approach to nutrition emphasising, a 'food first' philosophy (ie, food over supplements), is fundamental to ensure effective player support. This requires relevant scientific evidence to be applied according to the constraints of what is practical and feasible in the football setting. The science underpinning sports nutrition is evolving fast, and practitioners must be alert to new developments. In response to these developments, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) has gathered experts in applied sports nutrition research as well as practitioners working with elite football clubs and national associations/federations to issue an expert statement on a range of topics relevant to elite football nutrition: (1) match day nutrition, (2) training day nutrition, (3) body composition, (4) stressful environments and travel, (5) cultural diversity and dietary considerations, (6) dietary supplements, (7) rehabilitation, (8) referees and (9) junior high-level players. The expert group provide a narrative synthesis of the scientific background relating to these topics based on their knowledge and experience of the scientific research literature, as well as practical experience of applying knowledge within an elite sports setting. Our intention is to provide readers with content to help drive their own practical recommendations. In addition, to provide guidance to applied researchers where to focus future efforts.
足球是一项全球化的运动,不断发展,对运动员的身体素质和技术要求越来越高。营养在优化精英球员的训练和比赛表现以及保持他们整个赛季的整体健康方面发挥着宝贵的综合作用。基于证据的营养方法强调“以食物为先”的理念(即食物优先于补品),是确保有效支持球员的基础。这需要将相关的科学证据应用于足球环境中实际可行的限制条件。支撑运动营养的科学正在迅速发展,从业者必须关注新的发展。为了应对这些发展,欧洲足球协会联盟(UEFA)召集了应用运动营养研究方面的专家以及与精英足球俱乐部和国家协会/联合会合作的从业者,就一系列与精英足球营养相关的主题发布了一份专家声明:(1)比赛日营养,(2)训练日营养,(3)身体成分,(4)紧张环境和旅行,(5)文化多样性和饮食考虑,(6)膳食补充剂,(7)康复,(8)裁判员和(9)青少年球员。专家组根据他们对科学研究文献的了解和经验,以及在精英体育环境中应用知识的实践经验,对这些主题的科学背景进行了叙述性综合。我们的目的是为读者提供有助于推动他们自己的实际建议的内容。此外,为应用研究人员提供指导,指出未来努力的重点。